台灣觀光政策之演進：從公元1945至2000年

本研究主要探討二次世界大戰結束後1945至2000年間台灣主要觀光政策演進過程。台灣觀光發展與觀光政策在此50多年間有很大的變化演進，從二戰之後的社會殘破，人民無暇旅遊與政府無力發展觀光之無明顯觀光政策，之後國家各方面漸漸步上軌道，經濟漸次發展乃至成為亞洲四小龍之一。期間度過1970年代世界能源危機與經濟不景氣，直到1979年開放國人出國觀光，開啟双向觀光新時代。戰後期初，其主要特徵是觀光政策主要來自國家領導者的訓示。再接著是中央與地方觀光專責單位陸續成立，擔負起觀光規劃與執行任務。期間陸續發佈重要觀光法規與政策，交通部觀光局基本組織架構大致存續至今。1980年之後依總統在任期間分為蔣經國與李登輝時期。兩位總統在位期間經歷台灣民主化初始階段，推出許多重要觀光建設與政策，奠定我國觀光發展的重要基礎。由於觀光發展與觀光政策兩者關係極為密切，前者受後者規範指導。觀光發展與觀光政策亦受到國際情勢、外交、政治、文化、經濟…等之影響，故其他影響觀光發展與觀光政策之因素亦在本文亦有所探討。

關鍵字

觀光；觀光政策

並列摘要

This study is an exploratory study focusing on the evolution of Taiwan’s major tourism policies from the year of 1945 to 2000. Taiwan's tourism development and policies have undergone tremendous changes over the past years in this period. From the social breakdown after World War II and the lack of visible tourism policy for most people being unable to afford travelling cost, various aspects of the country were gradually getting onto the path of economic growth and even becoming one of the Asian Four Dragons. During the 1970s, the world's energy crisis and economic slump spent the period until 1979. The government allowed its people to travel abroad, opening a new era of two-way sightseeing for Taiwan. At the beginning of the period, its main feature was that the tourism policy mainly came from the instructions of the state leaders. Then it was successively set up by the central and local tourism authorities to undertake the tourism planning and execution tasks. During the period, important tourism regulations and policies were promulgated. The basic structure of Tourism Bureau has generally maintained so far. From 1980 to 2000, it was divided into Chiang Ching-kuo and Lee Teng-hui presidency. During the reign of the two presidents, both of them experienced the initial stage of democratization in Taiwan, launched many important tourism construction and policies, and laid an important foundation for the development of Taiwan's tourism. Due to the close relationship between tourism development and tourism policy, the former is directed by the latter. The development of tourism attractions and policies are also influenced by the international situation, diplomacy, politics, culture, economy ... and so on. Therefore, other factors that affect the development of tourist attractions and tourist policies are also discussed.