網路RTK於地籍測量應用之研究－以花蓮地區為例

The Application of Network-based RTK GPS to Cadastral Survey-the Case of Haulien

崔國強(Gwo-Chyang Tsuei) ； 王敏浩(Min-Hao Wang)

《地籍測量：中華民國地籍測量學會會刊》 25卷3期 (2006/09) Pp. 17-34

https://doi.org/10.29609/YYWYLL.200609.0002

摘要

高精度即時動態(Real-time kinematic, RTK)定位測量是現今最廣為應用之測量技術之一，但由於軌道誤差、電離層和對流層等效應之影響，在原始觀測量中含有系統誤差，限制了它的使用，也就是說移動站和參考站間之距離，必須相當短（10公里以下），才能有效地運作，主要原因是二次差無法有效地消除觀測量的系統誤差影響。
為了提昇RTK於較長距離之定位性能，參考站網的使用代替了單一參考站，以模組區域性系統誤差來減少誤差，不僅可增加參考站到移動站之距離，也可增加系統的可靠性和降低RTK初始化時間，此為近年來熱門的網路RTK。
花蓮參考站網於93年建置時為4站參考站網，94年底移新建置為6站參考站網，且由土地測量局所建置之全國參考站網將於95年底前完全運作。上述參考站之坐標，於陽明山追蹤站為最小約制下解算求得，與各地區坐標系統不一致，不可直接使用測得之坐標，為便於地政事務所測量人員於土地複丈作業時能即時應用，必須以已測算轉換參數之坐標系統施測，方能測得相符之區域坐標。本文之目的即在於探討轉換區域大小之選擇，藉由對花蓮地區108個三等控制點及精導點施測，進行不同大小區域之轉換比較與分析，最後則依據測試之結果建議以同一年度地籍重測區為轉換區較為適宜。

關鍵字

即時動態 ； 參考站網

並列摘要

High accuracy Real-Time Kinematic positioning with GPS is one of todays most widely used surveying techniques. But the effects of ionsphere and troposphere, which create systematic errors in the raw data, restrict its use. In practice, the distance between a rover and its reference station has to be quite short (＜10km) in order to work efficiently. This is due to the systematic errors that cannot be eliminated effectively by double-differencing.
In order to enhance the performance of RTK for longer distances, the use of reference network, instead of a single reference station, allows to model the systematic errors in the region and thus provides the possibility of error reductions. The users areable to not only increase the distance between the rover and the reference, but also increase the reliability of the system and reduce the RTK initialization time.
The Hualien reference network was built in 2004. Originally there were only 4 reference stations, increased to six stations in 2005. In addition, e-GPS reference network set up by LSB will begin to operate in late 2006. However the coordinates of all these stations were calculated in case of the YMSM fixed. In order to conveniently use in local region, the problem that the coordinate system is inconsistent must be solvedout. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the scale of the conversion area by using the position of 108 3(superscript th) order control points in the Hualien area for the main experiment. Finally, the test results suggest that the cadastral area resurveyed at the same year is better for use.

並列關鍵字

Real Time Kinematic ； Reference Network