婦女孕前體質與第一孕期不適症狀之相關性研究

Relationship between Pre-pregnancy Constitution and Discomfort in the First Trimester

王曉鈴(Hsiao-Ling Wang) ； 陳麗麗(Li-Li Chen) ； 蘇奕彰(Yi-Chang Su) ； 陳麗糸(Lih-Mih Chen) ； 林麗娟(Li-Chuan Lin) ； 周汎澔(Fan-Han Chou)

《護理暨健康照護研究》 6卷1期 (2010/03) Pp. 3-12

https://doi.org/10.6225/JNHR.6.1.3

摘要

背景　體質是一個常聽到但又無法具體了解的詞語，現代醫學很少使用科學的方法來測量體質，以致大多數的人不清楚自己的體質狀況，更遑論依個別體質來辯證施護。依據體質中醫學說，體質的不同，在懷孕時會產生不同的症狀。
目的　本研究旨在探討婦女懷孕前體質，與第一孕期不適症狀以及二者的相關性。
方法　屬描述性、相關性研究，於南部四所醫院的婦產科門診，以結構性問卷共收集2位第一孕期婦女的資料。研究工具包括個人基本屬性資料表、中醫體質評估量表，及第一孕期不適症狀評估表。
結果　（一）42.55%的婦女為平和性體質，26.81%為三種合併之混和體質－陰血虛併陽氣虛併痰濕瘀滯體質，7.23%為痰濕瘀滯體質，5.97%為陰血虛體質，3.40%為陽氣虛體質，1.0%為其他二種合併之混合體質；（二）第一孕期不適症狀前三名依序為疲倦、頻尿、噁心感；（三）「頻尿」、「疲倦」、「陰道分泌物增加」、「眩暈」及「情緒起伏不定」與陰血虛體質、陽氣虛體質及痰濕瘀滯體質皆有顯著正相關，而痰濕瘀滯體質則另與「乳房脹痛」有顯著正相關。
結論　本研究初步獲得婦女孕前體質及其與第一孕期不適症狀間關係之實證資料，可提供健康照護專業人員在西醫的周產期照護下，輔以中醫觀點調理婦女身體的具體實施依據，於婦女懷孕前即可給予適時合宜的護理，以促進其孕期身心舒適，進而增進母兒健康。

關鍵字

婦女 ； 孕前體質 ； 第一孕期不適症狀

並列摘要

Background: While ”constitution” is a commonly used term, its abstraction is often the source of confusion and misunderstanding. It is rarely scientifically measured in modern medicine, which implies that most people are not aware of the current state of their own constitution and are thus unable to receive appropriate evidence-based nursing care. Individual constitution is an influencing factor on pregnancy symptoms based on relevant theories.
Purpose: This study was designed to explore correlations between women's Chinese medical constitution before pregnancy and discomfort symptoms during the first trimester of pregnancy.
Methods: A descriptive and correlational design was adopted and 235 women were recruited in their first pregnancy trimester from four hospitals in southern Taiwan. Structured questionnaires used a Demographic Data Sheet, Traditional Chinese Medical Constitutional Scale (TCMCS), and Evaluation of Uncomfortable Symptoms During the First Trimester of Pregnancy to collect data.
Results: Results of this study indicated that (1) 42.55 % of participants had a ”normal” constitution; 26.81% had a ”mixed” constitution that was either deficient in yin-xie or yang-qi as well as tan-shi-yu-zhi; 7.23% had a tan-shi-yuzhi constitution; 5.97% had a yin-xie deficient constitution; 3.40% had a yang-qi deficient constitution; 14.04% had a mixture of any two constitutions; (2) the top three discomforts reported during the first trimester of pregnancy included fatigue, frequent urination and nausea, in descending order; (3) ”frequent urination,” ”fatigue,” ”heavy vaginal discharge,” ”dizziness,” and ”mood swings” had significantly positive correlations with yin-xie deficiencies, yang-qi deficiencies, and a tan-shi-yu-zhi constitution. Swelling pain in the breasts had a significantly positive correlation with a tan-shi-yu-zhi constitution.
Conclusions: This research is the first to acquire evidence-based data regarding correlations between constitution before pregnancy and uncomfortable symptoms during the first trimester for pregnant women. This can assist healthcare professionals to provide more suitable perinatal nursing care before pregnancy through integrating traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine. Such can enhance the comfort of women undergoing pregnancy and promote the health of both the fetus and mother.

並列關鍵字

women ； pre-pregnant constitution ； discomforts in the first trimester