不同教育階段學生身體意象發展之研究－以桃竹地區學生為例

A Styudy on the Development of Body Image of Students in Different schooling Stages-Take the Students in Taoyuan Area as Example

周麗華(Lee-Hua Chou) ； 何若湯(Jo-Tang Ho) ； 董金龍(Jin-Long Doong)

《南亞學報》 25期 (2005/12) Pp. 285-303

https://doi.org/10.6989/JN.200512.0285

摘要

本研究主要在探討不同教育階段學生的實際體型與身體意象發展狀況，及比較不同階段學生各種身體意象與其實際體型之差異情形。以九十三學年度就讀於桃竹地區學生為研究母群，採集群抽樣方式共抽取國小、國中、高中及大學院校各兩所，共計有960人為受試者，採團體自填問卷收集相關資料，有效樣本共有771人。所蒐集資料以次數分佈、平均值、標準差等描述統計，及配對t檢定等統計方式進行分析。研究結果發現：（一）男生實際體型有逐年成長的趨勢，自陳體型在國小較接近實際體型，國中後則有大幅高估的趨勢，期望體型國小至國中有大幅成長現象，在高中與大學則接近實際體型；（二）女學生之實際體型成長幅度不如男生明顯，而自陳圖象與自陳體型在國小及高中與實際體型接近，至大學階段則又高於實際體型，期望體型有低於實際體型的趨勢；（三）男生在國小階段僅在自陳體型有顯著高估現象，然而國中階段之各種身體意象均有顯著高估的現象，在高中及大學階段男生僅投射其自陳圖象亦有顯著高估之現象，其餘之身體意象與實際體型則趨接近；（四）女生在國小階段明顯期望有較瘦的體型，而國中階段對自陳圖象與自陳體型均顯著高估現象，在高中女生自已投射其自陳圖象顯著高於實際體型，而期望體型則顯著低於實際體型，而大學女生的自陳體型顯著高於實際體型，而其餘的身體意象與實際體型則十分接近。

關鍵字

身體意象 ； 實際體型 ； 自陳圖象 ； 自陳體型 ； 期望體型

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to explore the reality body measure and the development of body image of students in different schooling stages. The research population was students in Tao yuan area, in the school year of 2004. The clustered sampling was 880 subjects from two elementary schools, middle schools, high schools and colleges, respectively. Questionnaires were used to collect data, and the number of valid samples was 771. The data were analyzed frequency distribution, average mean, standard deviation, and paired t-test. The results showed that; 1)The realign body measure of the male students had am increasing trend.; the self-report body image was close to the reality body measure in elementary school, and over estimated in middle school; the expected body image increased significantly from elementary school to middle school, and that was close to the reality body measure in high school and college; 2)The increase of reality body measure of the female students was significantly less than that of the male students; the self-report body image was close to the reality body measure in elementary school, high school., and over-estimated in college; the expected body image was less than the reality body measure; 3) The self-report body image of the male students in elementary school was over-estimated; the body image was over-estimated in middle school; and the projected self-report body image was over-estimated in high school and college, and the rest of the body image was close to the reality body mensure; 4) The female students expect slimmer body in elementary school: the self-report body image and the self-report body drawing were over-estimated in middle school; and the projected self-report body drawing was higher than the realign body measure, the expected body image was significantly college students' self-report body image was significantly higher than the reality body measure, and the rest of the body image was close to the reality body measure.

並列關鍵字

body image ； reality body measure ； self-report body image ； self-report body drawing ； expected body image