混沌理論於學校行政的省思、批判與應用

THE REFLECTION、CRITICISM AND APPLICATION OF CHAOS THEORY ON SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION

崔宇華(Yu-Hwa Tsui)

《南亞學報》 38期 (2018/12) Pp. 136-151

摘要

教育系統隱存許多衝突、紊亂、弔詭，混沌理論可解釋相關現象與論點，亦是後現代主義重要分支，可運用於日趨複雜學校行政與經營。渾沌理論的主要省思：1.學校是一個開放，複雜且充滿混沌現象系統;2.學校行政人員應有混沌理論概念與敏銳度;3.教育與學校行政研究新典範;4.高度重視學校內部溝通與協調不容忽視;5.重視回饋機制較在教育與學校行政上易於改進與創新;6.此系統不全然是混亂無序。渾沌理論的批判：1.易造成學校行政人員處於繃緊神經狀態；2.難以說明或指出哪些初始事件是必須正視；3.難以說明或指出奇異引子為何；4.人事物互動無法加以預測。渾沌理論的應用：1.研究典範之一；2.重視蝴蝶效應與影響；3.建立混沌系統；4.建立檢查溝通系統；5.找尋變革推動奇異吸引子；6.以回聵機制為啟示；7.致力學校教育與行政革新：8.重視學校情境分析；9.可與教育未來學相關理論與實務結合應；10.成員特性與適應性；11.建立學習型組織並具有變形蟲之特性，以符應混沌理論在學校行政與經營上運用。

關鍵字

渾沌理論 ； 學校行政 ； 後現代主義 ； 教育未來學

並列摘要

The education system conceals many conflicts, disorders, and paradoxes; however, chaos theory can explain the related phenomena and arguments. Therefore, it is an important branch of postmodernism, which can be applied to the increasingly complex school administration and managements. The major reflections of chaos theory are listed: 1.A school is an open, complex and chaotic system. 2. School administrators should have the concepts and acuity of chaos theory. 3. Chaos theory is the new paradigm of research on the education and school administration. 4. Attaching great importance to internal communications and coordination cannot be ignored in schools 5. Putting emphases on the anytime feedback mechanism can motivate the improvements and innovations on the education and school administration more easily. 5. The system is not completely chaotic and disorderly. The critiques of chaos theory are listed: 1. It’s easy to cause school administrators to be in a state of nervousness. 2. It’s difficult to explain or point out which initial events must be faced squarely. 3. It’s difficult to explain or point out what the strange attractors are. 4. The interactions among people or events cannot be predicted. The chaos theory can be applied on : 1. one of the research paradigms; 2. attaching importance to the butterfly effect and influences ; 3. establishing a chaotic system; 4. establishing an inspection on the communication system; 5. finding the strange attractors of promoting innovations; 6. regarding the anytime feedback mechanism as an enlightenment; 7. contributing to the innovation of the education and school administration; 8. putting more stresses on the analysis of the school situations; 9. It can be combined with the related theory and practice concerning the education futurology;10.the characteristics and adaptability of the school members; 11.establishing the learning organization equipping with the characteristics of an amoeba in order to apply chaos theory to the education and school administration.

並列關鍵字

chaotic theory ； the education and school administration ； postmodernism ； education futurology