朱子疑《古文尚書》再探

Chu Hsi's Suspicion towards "Book of Documents"

姜龍翔(Lung-Hsiang Chiang)

《嘉大中文學報》 5期 (2011/03) Pp. 129-154

https://doi.org/10.29892/JCLNCU.201103.0005

摘要

《古文尚書》真偽問題經元、明、清的考證後，幾已確認並非先秦古籍。而諸考證學家多將朱子探討《古文尚書》的言論視為辨偽思想的啟蒙，然而現代卻有學者明確指出，朱子對《古文尚書》的分析其實並未涉及對《古文尚書》真偽的致疑，反而焦點集中在對《今文尚書》的懷疑上。而此文則詳細考察朱子早年《語類》內容，發現朱子曾對《古文尚書》的來源及毫無訛損的現象感到疑惑，並且是圍繞在「假書」的命題之下，然而由於沒有深入的證據，朱子並未再延續「假書」的思維，從而把焦點關注於如何對今古文難易之差異提出解釋。因此，朱子對《古文尚書》之疑是非常模糊的概念，但斷言其未曾疑過《古文尚書》則是過論。

關鍵字

朱熹 ； 古文尚書 ； 今文尚書

並列摘要

After the textual criticism of Yuan, Ming, and Ching Dynasties, it was confirmed that the ancient writings, ”Book of Documents”, were not the ancient books of Qin Dynasty. Most of the textural criticism experts considered Chu Hsi's opinions towards the ancient writings ”Book of Documents” as the enlightenment of differentiating false thought. However, some modern scholars clearly pointed out that Chu Hsi's analysis towards the ancient writings ”Book of Documents” actually did not involve the suspicion of the genuineness of ancient writings ”Book of Documents”, but focused on the doubt towards new writings ”Book of Documents”. This thesis investigated Chu Hsi's early writings in ”Yu Lei” and found that Chu Hsi even doubted about the source and non-damaged appearance of ancient writings ”Book of Documents”, and it mainly discussed the proposition of ”False Book”. Nevertheless, Chu Hsi did not continue the thought of ”False Book” because of the lack of thorough evidence, thus he focused on how to explain the difference of modern and ancient writings' difficulty. Consequently, Chu Hsi's suspicion towards the ancient writings ”Book of Documents” was a very indistinct concept, but it was not correct to say with certainty that he never doubted about ”Book of Documents”.

並列關鍵字

Chu Hsi ； ancient writings "Book of Documents" ； new writings "Book of Documents" ； Suspicion Book