程晉芳《書》學觀探驪－暨「《總目》書類提要多出其手」說重審

在四庫館臣當中，程晉芳可謂是相當特殊的一位。他的學術趣向側重宋學，其經學觀念多有別於《四庫全書總目》，而唯獨《尚書》學觀點則與《總目》較為接近，因此，有學者即主張，《總目》書類提要可能多出程晉芳之手。儘管程氏的《尚書》學著作今已亡佚，但在《勉行堂文集》中，尚存有五篇相關文章，其《尚書》研究仍可窺一斑。本文即通過對這五篇文章及程氏的書籍收藏、閱讀與交遊情況的梳理，指出程氏收藏和閱讀的《尚書》類著作既有辨偽古文之作，亦有衛護古文之作，還有主張古文為偽而不能廢的，而程氏則認同第三說，閻若璩、程廷祚、沈彤等人的著作及入四庫館的經歷對其《尚書》學觀點的形成都起到了不同程度的影響。相比之下，這些觀點與《總目》書類提要之間有同有異，不能僅據其間的趨同之處來判定提要作者，且部分提要甚至別有來源，「《總目》書類提要多出其手」之說尚待商榷。

關鍵字

程晉芳；《尚書》學；《四庫全書總目》

並列摘要

Among the compilers of Complete Library of the Four Treasuries (Sikuquanshu), Cheng Jin-Fang is rather particular. His academic standpoint is close to Song School (Song-Xue), and his ideology of Classics (Jing) is mainly different from Annotated General Catalogue of Complete Library of the Four Treasuries (Sikuquanshu Zong-Mu). Meanwhile, his opinions about Books of Documents (Shang-Shu) are similar to Zong-Mu. It is thus concluded that the catalogues of books about Shang-Shu were mostly written by Cheng. Although Cheng's works about Shang-Shu have disappeared, there are still five articles in his collected writings Mian-Xing-Tang Wen-Ji, which are related to his studies on Shang-Shu. This paper is based on the discussion about these articles and the research about Cheng's book collection, reading, and interpersonal relationship. The works of Shang-Shu category Cheng collected and read hold various ideas: some question the authenticity of Books of Documents in Ancient Chinese (Gu-Wen Shang-Shu), some defend against these questions, and some insist that Gu-Wen Shang-Shu is fake but cannot be deleted, which Cheng agreed with. Cheng's views about Shang-Shu were shaped in different degrees not only by the works of Yan Ruo-Qu, Cheng Ting-Zuo, and Shen Tong, but also by his participation in compiling Sikuquanshu. These views are simultaneously different and similar to Zong-Mu, which we cannot simply vindicate the authorship of the catalogues on the basis of the similarities. Furthermore, some catalogues can be proved to be written by other authors. In conclusion, it is doubtful whether the catalogues of books about Shang-Shu in Zong-Mu were mostly written by Cheng.