北部某地區低年級國小學童家長協助孩童視力保健行為與學童近視之相關性

目的：分析低年級學童家長之注意與監督學童視力保健行為對學童近視的影響。方法：採橫斷性調查（cross-sectional survey）法，以方便取樣方式針對九十八學年度第一學期，就讀於北部某地區健康促進學校學校視力保健效群之四所國民小學之一、二年級學童，共計回收482份問卷，實得401份有效問卷，有效回收率83.20％。資料以描述性統計、卡方分析以及邏輯式回歸分析。結果：學童家長在監督學童用眼姿勢上執行率最佳，但在用眼是否休息上較易忽略。家長在「配合學校視力篩檢結果，帶孩子至眼科醫療院所進行復檢或矯治」、「孩子看書或做作業時，保持35公分以上的距離」即「平日多輕鬆遠眺休息，放假期間多到戶外運動、活動」上的監督行為對學童近視呈現顯著預測力。結論：家長平日能注意低年級學童之視力保健行為，並能監督其行為的執行對於預防近視有重要影響。

關鍵字

低年級學童；家長；近視；監督行為；視力保健

並列摘要

Purposes: To analyze the supervisory behaviors of parents concerning vision health and myopia in children in first and second grade in primary school. Methods: A cross-sectional survey with self-reported questionnaires was conducted. Convenience sampling was used to select four health promoting schools in north of Taiwan choosing vision health as its main health issue among health promoting activities. We invited the parents whose children studied in first and second grade in selected schools to participate in this study. Four hundred and eight-two questionnaires were returned. After incomplete questionnaires were excluded, 401 valid questionnaires with a response rate of 83.20% were analyzed with descriptive statistics, the chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. Results: Monitoring children’s posture while reading was the most commonly reported behavior and instructing children to look up from their work after 30 to 40 minutes of close work was the least reported behavior by parents monitoring vision health. The behaviors of parents in preventing near distance reading, taking children for vision examinations and promoting looking up after close work showed relationships with the vision health of their children. The behaviors of parents in taking them for vision examinations and promoting looking up after close work significantly predicted vision health in their children. Conclusions: Parents can play vital roles in preventing myopia in their children through supervisory behaviors.