從K. Rahner的超驗哲學人學來反思生命教育

德籍天主教神學家K . Rahner，從自我超越的角度理解「人」，其思想從哲學人學、宗教學人學發展到基督學人學。考慮到在臺灣之生命教育的對象以及科際的對話，本文把焦點集中在哲學人學的內容。Rahner對人的認知、意志和自由進行超驗探討，達到人是「在世界內的精神」及「聖言的傾聽者」的肯定，人是向「絕對存有」開放的有限奧秘，在歷史中透過愛與自由而與神相遇。接著，本文將提出對於Rahner之超驗方法和人學內容的簡要批判與回應，然後回到生命教育主題，嘗試提出Rahner之超驗哲學人學的思想對生命教育所可能提供的洞察。

關鍵字

超驗；預期；奧秘；永恆的確定性；生命教育

並列摘要

Karl Rahner, German Catholic theologian, understands human person from a self-transcendent perspective, his thoughts develop from philosophical, theological and Christological anthropology. Considering the subjects of life education in Taiwan and interdisciplinary dialogues, this article will focus only on Rahner's philosophical anthropology, in which he investigates the knowing, willing and freedom in human person, in order to be confirmed that human person is ”Spirit in the World” and ”Hearer of the Word”, limited mystery open to the Absolute, and capable of encountering God in history through freedom and love. Then, some criticism about Rahner's transcendental method and relevant responses will be introduced, and finally, we will offer some insights from Rahner's transcendental philosophical anthropology to ”life-education”.