今古恨，幾千般─論稼軒詞中的「恨」

Study of the Resentment in Jia Hsien's Poem

涂意敏(Yi-Min Tu)

《東吳中文線上學術論文》 24期 (2013/12) Pp. 17-32

摘要

辛棄疾（1140－1207）字幼安，號稼軒，為南宋豪放詞大家，現存詞作共約六百餘首，為兩宋詞家中存詞最多者。辛棄疾身當南宋偏安之際，雖一生不得朝廷重用，但報國之願長存，往來各地或隱居或任官，常有親友別離、漂泊羈旅之嘆，遂結其心中抑鬱不平之氣，此人生遭際之感反映於其作品中，便常以「恨」字入詞，或恨報國無門，年華空衰；或恨親朋不見，天涯零落；或見物有感，託物寄恨等，體現稼軒詞豪放而悲壯之特色。依照其詞之內容，大致可以分類為：恨神州沉陸，國土分裂等國愁家恨；恨報國無門、年華老去等淒涼遭遇，以及感傷身世，臨別記恨等人事無奈之作三類。此類作品不僅使詞的題材向全面多樣發展，使詞的作法向作詩、作文之法靠攏，亦使詞的功能向經世報國接近，慷慨悲壯之豪放較蘇軾更甚。在辛棄疾用典、用經、用史的作法中，更加擴展詞的各種面向，無論在題材、作法、功能上都有長足的進步，更凸顯稼軒詞中特有的英雄主義與積極用世的精神。本文即對稼軒詞中「恨」的情緒加以分類，以期能對稼軒詞中所抒發的心中恨事進行歸納整理，並加以剖析，從中探討辛氏詞作的精神，以及此類作品對於詞史的意義及影響。

關鍵字

辛稼軒 ； 稼軒詞 ； 詞史

並列摘要

Xin Qiji (Jiaxuan), a famous Chinese poet of powerful and free school during the Southern Song dynasty. There are over 600 works of the Lyrics of the S'ong Dynasty exist nowadays. Besides, he is the poet who left the most number of works during the whole Song dynasty.Because the empire moved southern to be content to exercise sovereignty at the initial of Southern Song dynasty, the poet stands to fight against the enemy had not been taken up. Therefore, there is a strong emotion of resentment in his works.By the contents, there are three categories: the resentment of divided nation, the resentment of the unrecognized talent, and the resentment of his life experience.This type of works leads the Lyrics of the S'ong Dynasty form become vary, and make a great improvement on theme, composition, and function.The study sorts out different types of resentment in Jia Hsien's poem.Furthermore, the study generalizes the works of Jia Hsien and discusses its meaning and effect to the history of the Lyrics of the S'ong Dynasty.

並列關鍵字

Xin Qiji ； Jia Hsien's poem ； the history of the Lyrics