江國慶冤死案的致命科學證據

民國85年空軍作戰司令部女童姦殺案之兇手江國慶被確認為冤死，為亡羊補牢，政府應查明冤獄原因，嚴懲造成冤獄之人，並要求相關單位深切檢討，避免再生冤獄，始足以平息江家與全民之怒。然近日所見相關單位在追究冤獄責任時，令人直覺僅在追究刑求責任，而非冤獄責任。固然刑求與冤獄間容有相當的因果關係，但就本案起訴書與歷次有罪判決書中均以絕大篇幅羅列科學證據以證明江國慶強姦殺人，且依監察院報告顯示，江國慶在鑑定報告提出後才被鎖定並刑求，顯見本案科學證據之重要性。本案若無這些「科學證據」，江國慶應不可能冤死。為協助司法找出冤獄真相，讓偽科學證據現出原形，本文將分析這些應該發現真相的「科學證據」如何成為無辜者的夢魘，並提醒法醫與鑑識人員引以為鑑。

關鍵字

江國慶；冤死；偽科學；法醫； DNA鑑定

並列摘要

After the confirmation of the wrongful execution of Air Force Private Chiang Kuo-Ching for raping and murdering a five-year-old girl in 1996, the government should impose severe punishment on authorities for their mistakes to avoid repeating the tragedy and cease the rage from Chiang's family and the public. From the recent responsibility investigation, however, it seems only to look into the officials for the torture but the miscarriage of justice. Although the connection between the torture and the miscarriage of justice cannot be ignored, scientific evidences played a critical role in the description of corpus delicti in the indictments and verdicts. And from the report of the Control Yuan, Chiang was targeted and tortured after receiving the scientific evidences. Without these ”scientific evidences,” Chiang should not be wrongfully executed. To assist the judicial department recognizing the junk scientific evidences, this report will reveal how the truth finding scientific evidences become the nightmare of innocence. Let this be a lesson to experts of forensic medicine and forensic scientists.