列車穩定性與舒適度分析

Stability and Comfort Analysis of Train

邱進東(Jinn-Tong Chiu) ； 謝瑋倫(Wei-Lun Hsieh) ； 許榮均(Rong-Juin Shyu)

《應用聲學與振動學刊》 13卷1&2期 (2021/12) Pp. 15-23

https://doi.org/10.6282/JASV.202112_13(1_2).0002

摘要

近年來臺灣陸續規劃各種軌道大眾運輸系統，對於各式列車的需求也日益增加。軌道車輛最重要的特性是穩定性及舒適性，前者直接影響到乘客的安全，嚴重時甚至會造成車輛出軌翻覆；後者則影響了乘客的乘坐舒適程度。因此本文使用多體動力學分析軟體SIMPACK模擬軌道車輛之實際運行，先模擬捷運客車之穩定性，包括橫向及輪負荷，再計算脫軌係數。舒適度模擬捷運列車速度40～90km/h經過高架橋段及地下段的不同位置的加速度，再根據ISO2631-4進行列車舒適度相關之分析，探討不同路段及速度下之乘客站姿及坐姿之乘客舒適度指標，結果說明高架段及地下段舒適度指標皆小於法定0.315m/s^2，皆屬無不舒適等級。最後以田口法分析列車之穩定性及舒適度並討論其顯著因子，透過七個三水準控制因子之L18表，分別比較其包括脫軌係數及舒適度，結果說明影響脫軌係數之顯著因子為軌道超高及次懸吊剛度；影響舒適度之顯著因子為車廂重心高度、次懸吊剛度與轉向架重心高度。

關鍵字

列車 ； 舒適度 ； 脫軌係數 ； SIMPACK

並列摘要

In recent years, Taiwan has successively planned various rail mass transportation systems, and the demand for various types of trains has also increased. The most important characteristics of rail vehicles are their stability and comfort. The former directly affects the safety of passengers, and in severe cases, it may even cause the vehicle to derail and overturn; the latter affects the comfort of passengers. Therefore, this article uses the multi-body dynamics analysis software SIMPACK to simulate the actual operation of the rail vehicle. First, the stability of the Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) passenger car is simulated, including the lateral and wheel loads, and then the derailment coefficient is calculated. The comfort level simulates the acceleration of the MRT train passing through the viaduct section and the underground section at different locations at a speed of 40 to 90 km/h, and then analyzes the comfort level of the train according to ISO 2631-4, and discusses the standing and sitting postures of passengers at different sections and speeds. The results show that the comfort index of the elevated section and the underground section are all less than the legal 0.315 m/s^2, which is a no discomfort level. Finally, the Taguchi method is used to analyze the stability and comfort of the train and discuss its significant factors. Through the L18 table of seven three-level control factors, the derailment coefficient and comfort are compared respectively. The result shows that the significant factor affecting the derailment coefficient is the track superelevation and secondary suspension stiffness. The significant factors affecting comfort are the height of the car's center of gravity, the stiffness of secondary suspension and the height of the bogie's center of gravity.

並列關鍵字

Train ； Comfort ； Derailment Coefficient ； SIMPACK