論比爾德《美國憲法的經濟解釋》

本篇文章主要是在研究美國進步史學家－查理．比爾德（Charles A. Beard，1874－1948）的代表作《美國憲法的經濟解釋》。他認為傳統的歷史解釋缺乏對決定性力量的分析，進而提出有關憲法的經濟解釋。比爾德利用特納學派制定選舉模式的定量研究，並透過「集體傳記分析法」調查制憲代表的經濟利益。為了尋找開國元勳制定憲法的動機，他推論憲法是一個經濟文獻，由動產利益集團支持而為不動產利益集團反對。雖然比爾德使用過分單純化的二元論（dualisms）容易忽略了其他複雜的因素，但他提出經濟決定論的理論對美國史學仍然有所貢獻。在本文中，首先簡介比爾德和他對傳統美國憲法的認識。其次是說明比爾德對憲法經濟解釋的見解，最後是探討歷史學界對該書的批評以及此書對美國史學的貢獻。

關鍵字

進步史學家；美國憲法；經濟解釋；經濟決定論；美國史學；集體傳記分析法

並列摘要

This article primarily studied America Progressive historian-Charles A. Beard's most famous monograph, ”An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution of the United States”. In this book, he proposed an economic interpretation of the establishing of United States Constitution, in steady the traditional historical interpretations which he thought as lacking analysis of determining forces. Beard utilized the quantitative studies of voting patterns drawn by the Turner school and through ”collective biographies” surveyed the economic interests of the delegates to the Convention in order to seek to establish the Founding Fathers' real motives in framing the Constitution. He concluded that the Constitution as an economic document supported by the groups with personal interests and opposed by the real-estate-interested groups. Although Beard used a simplistic economic separatism apt to neglect other complex factors, the theory of economic determination he set up still contributed to American historiography. In this article, I first summarized Beard and his understanding of traditional American Constitution. Secondly, I explained Beard's views about economic interpretation of American Constitution. Finally, I discussed criticism to this monograph in historical academic world and the contribution to American historiography of this monograph.

並列關鍵字

Progressive historian ； American Constitution ； Economic interpretation ； Economic determinism ； American historiography ； collective biography

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論比爾德《美國憲法的經濟解釋》

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