石門水庫集水區保育治理工程泥砂減量成效評估之研究

Evaluations for Effectiveness of Sediment Reduction Conservation Engineering in Shihmen Reservoir Catchment Area

曾文孝(Wen-Hsiao Tseng) ； 謝正倫(Chjeng-Lun Shieh) ； 簡昭群(Jau-Chiun Jian) ； 王啟明(Chi-Ming Wang)

《中華防災學刊》 2卷2期 (2010/08) Pp. 127-136

https://doi.org/10.30052/JTDPS.201008.0004

摘要

石門水庫集水區近年來因桃芝、納莉、艾莉、海棠、瑪莎等颱風相繼來襲，引發嚴重土砂災害，巨量泥砂沖入水庫，造成水庫原水濁度上昇，影響水庫供水功能。民國95年1月13日立法院三讀通過「石門水庫及其集水區整治特別條例」，以確保石門水庫營運功能、上游集水區水域環境之保育及穩定水庫供水能力，惟在進行集水區保育治理工程方面，相關治理成效往往缺乏具體評估指標，因此本研究針對選定類型之保育治理工程，於石門水庫上游集水區設置坡面保育治理工程自動監測系統及沖蝕試區，以現地量測資料分析評估保育治理工程之泥砂減量成效；分析成果中，降雨量與沖蝕深度的回歸關係式多呈一對數函數關係，當降雨量越大時所得到的治理成效亦越大，最大成效達67.96%，平均治理成效為52.50%。另本研究利用集水區水砂生產模式進行石門水庫集水區泥砂整治率評估，在土砂生產的部分約為32.20%，集水區整治率約在38.54%。

關鍵字

保育治理工程 ； 泥砂減量成效評估 ； 集水區水砂生產模式

並列摘要

Recently, a serious of catastrophic typhoons such as Toraji, Nari, Aere, Haitang, and Matsa have struck Shihmen Reservoir catchment's area. This caused serious landslide and mudflow disasters and tremendous amount of silt transported into the reservoir, resulting in increased turbidity, affecting the function of public water supply. To solve the increasingly serious Shihmen Reservoir sedimentation problems and prolong the life of reservoirs, the Legislative Yuan passed the ”Special Regulations of Shihmen Reservoir and its catchment area remediation plan” on January 13th 2006. Its aim is to ensure the operational functions of Shihmen Reservoir, environment conservation in the waters of the upper catchment areas as well as a stable water supply and to protect people's right of water usage. However, there are no specific evaluation indicators for the demonstration of effectiveness of engineering governance when conservation project in catchment's area are carried out.
Therefore, the monitoring systems and erosion test areas were set up to assess the effectiveness of sediment reduction in the conservation treatment project through measuring the current data analysis. In the results showed that the greater the rainfall, the higher effectiveness of governance may appear, the maximum effectiveness is 67.96% while the average is 52.50%. On the other hand, sediment budget model was used to assess the remediation of Shihmen Reservoir catchment, the sediment production is about 32.20%, and rate of completion is about 38.54%.

並列關鍵字

conservation treatment ； the effectiveness of sediment reduction ； sediment budget model