小林村崩塌地形自動判讀與土方量估算

Distinguishing Landslide Morphology and Landslide Volume Estimate in Siaolin Village

陳樹群(Su-Chin Chen) ； 蔡義誌(Yi-Zhih Tsai) ； 吳俊鋐(Chun-Hung Wu)

《工程環境會刊》 25期 (2010/07) Pp. 45-56

https://doi.org/10.6562/JEE.2010.25.4

摘要

台灣由於地形陡峻及地質特殊，近年來受地震及豪雨影響，山區土砂災害頻傳，造成重大傷亡及財產損失。因此，本研究利用數值高程模型(Digital Elevation Model, DEM)在崩塌前後的差異，進行崩塌地形判讀與土方量自動估算，並且利用崩塌深度與坡度或崩塌面積之相關性，進而推估崩塌土砂量。「崩塌地形判讀與土方量自動估算模組」基於台灣本土化之崩塌量評估模式的科學理論，以地理資訊系統做爲媒介整合其介面，使計算成果系統化、方便化及統一化。其主要概念在於運用地理資訊系統技術及電腦強大的運算功能，利用高程變化的特性區分九大類型崩塌地，並將崩塌前後之高精度數值高程模型進行崩塌地萃取分析，再利用崩塌前期圖層減去崩塌後期圖層，得到各崩塌區塊之深度分布，以此深度分佈乘以崩塌面積，即可求得各崩塌區的崩塌土方量。此外，崩塌面積分布或坡度與崩塌深度的關係，也用於推估崩塌量，藉由各地理資料圖層及應用地理資訊系統軟體，探討其地形變遷，再利用面積法及坡度深度法進行崩塌量估算。本研究欲建立的「崩塌地形判讀與土方量自動估算模組」，即是利用高精度數值模型判讀各類型崩塌地，並經由坡度深度法及面積法等方法，自動估算崩塌土方量，將不便且繁雜的計算過程，以電腦技術的運算能力，迅速計算出結果。

關鍵字

崩塌量 ； 崩塌深度 ； 九大坡形 ； 數值高程模型 ； 地理資訊系統

並列摘要

Landslide is frequently induced by rainfall and earthquake in mountainous area in Taiwan. The study discussed the topography changes from the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) before and after landslide, and the technology was evaluated to develop landslide morphology measurement and landslide volume estimate. Also, this study applied the relationship between the landslide depth and slope, landslide area to estimate the total landslide volume yield. ”Landslide Morphology Measurement and Landslide Volume Estimate Module” was based on the model of landslide volume estimate for Taiwan's environment. This module system was developed by coding program in the technologies of Geographic information system (GIS) and Windows operation system. First, nine slope shapes of landslide morphology were distinguished by the elevation characterization, and landslide was extracted from DEM. Landslide volume yield was calculated with cell area multiplied by landslide depth which from elevation changes of the DEM before and after landslide. Second, the relationship between the landslide depth and slope, landslide area by landslide slope-depth method and area method was also used to estimate the landslide volume yield. ”Landslide Morphology Measurement and Landslide Volume Estimate Module” was developed in this study, and its capabilities included distinguishing landslide morphology and calculating landslide volume yield by DEM, estimating automatically landslide volume yield by landslide slope-depth method and area method. It simplifies the complicated calculation process, and it is usable for general users.

並列關鍵字

landslide volume yield ； landslide depth ； nine slope shapes ； digital elevation model ； geographic information system