國小學生參與休閒活動對身心健康差異之研究

A Study of Primary School of Students Participate to the Physically and Mentally Healthy Difference of the Leisure Activity

郭芳坤(Fang-Kun Kuo)

《運動健康休閒學報》 1期 (2010/04) Pp. 81-101

https://doi.org/10.29961/JSHL.201004.0007

摘要

休閒活動對個體而言，可促進生理機能健康，鬆弛緊張身心，穩定情緒、擴展生活經驗，培養社會智慧，發展完美人格；對家庭而言，可促進家庭和諧、親情融洽、消除代溝、增進向心力，它是解決疏離的有效方法；對社會而言，可以促進社會和諧，提高工作情緒、增進工作效率，可以從休閒中尋求樂趣而遵守團體規範；對學校而言，可以協助學生在活動中，涵育個性與群性、體認人際關係並且凝聚氣氛、增進校園和諧；而參與正當的休閒活動對青少年而言，是發展自我、建立人際關係。因此，本研究旨在利用士東國小高年級學生參與休閒活動，對身心健康，來探討士東國小高年級學生參與休閒活動人口之特性，並經參與休閒活動與身心健康影響之間比較分析。並使用次數、百分比、平均數、標準差、來做描述性統計；以因素分析、相關分析表達結果；以獨立樣本t檢定分析士東國小高年級學生性別、年級、參與學校代表隊、固定參與休閒活動及單因子變異數(One-Way ANOVA)分析每週平均參與休閒活動時間在參與休閒活動、身心健康影響之差異程度。以複選題分析士東國小高年級學生參與休閒活動類型與性別、年級做交叉分析。以α檢定數值爲0.05進行統計考驗。研究結果顯示：
一、在整體受試士東國小高年級性別、年級、參與學校代表隊、固定參與休閒活動。回收有效問卷中，男性佔210位(50.8%)，女性佔203位(49.2%)，女性與男性答卷者佔1:1之比例；五年級佔155位(37.5%)，六年級佔256位(62.0%)，六年級與五年級答卷者佔6:4之比例；有參與學校代表隊佔147位(35.6%)，沒有參與學校代表隊佔262位(63.4%)，約佔6:4之比例；有固定參與休閒活動佔171位(41.4%)，沒有固定參與休閒活動佔240位(58.1%)，約佔6:4之比例；每週平均參與休閒活動天數已5天以上佔最高，其次爲2天。
二、因素分析對於參與休閒活動共萃取一個構面因素，爲「休閒認知」；身心健康影響共萃取一個構面因素，爲「健康影響」。
三、「參與休閒活動」與「身心健康影響」變數間以皮爾森相關係數(Pearson Correlation Coefficients)表示之間的相關程度，在「參與休閒連動的動機」與「個人的生活型態」之因素呈現顯著正相關；在「個人的生活型態」與「參與休閒運動阻礙因素」之因素呈現顯著負相關。
四、獨立樣本t檢定分析性別在參與休閒活動「休閒認知」，結果達顯著性差異；在身心健康影響「健康影響」，呈現無顯著性差異；年級在參與休閒活動與身心健康影響上，結果呈現無顯著性差異；參與學校代表隊在參與休閒活動與身心健康影響上，呈現無顯著性差異；固定參與休閒活動在參與休閒活動與身心健康影響上，結果呈現未達顯著差異。
五、單因子變異數分析每週平均參與休閒活動天數在參與休閒活動與身心健康影響上，有顯著差異存在。
六、複選題分析參與休閒活動類型次數分配，運動性球類活動佔329人(79.9%)，閒逸性活動佔266人(64.4%)，旅遊性活動佔69人(16.7%)，技擊性活動佔26人(6.3%)，水上活動佔123人(29.8%)，娛樂性活動佔256人(62.0%)，文藝性活動佔114人(27.6%)，健康體適能活動佔57人(13.8%)，刺激性活動無人填選；分析性別與參與休閒活動類型交叉，男性與女性皆以運動性球類活動最高；在年級與參與休閒活動類型交叉比較，五年級與六年級皆以運動性球類最高。

關鍵字

國小學生 ； 休閒活動 ； 休閒參與 ； 身心健康

並列摘要

The recreation activity can promote the physiological function to be healthy for individual, relax the tense body and mind, set the mind at rest, expand experience of life, train social intelligence, develop perfect personality. As to family, can promote the family to be harmonious, with harmonious kindred and dispelling the generation gap, promoting centripetal force, it solves the estranged effective method. As to society, can promote the society to be harmonious, improve working mood, promote working efficiency, can seek enjoyment and observe group's norm from recreation. As to school, can help students to contain and breed individual character and a group of sex, realize the interpersonal relationships and condense the atmosphere, promote the campus harmoniously in the activity. And participate in the proper recreation activity for teenagers, it is the self-development, establish interpersonal relationships.
So, this research aims at utilizing the higher grade pupil of person's east primary school to participate in the recreation activity, to physically and mentally healthy, is it probe into person east primary school higher grade pupil participate in recreation characteristic, activity of population to come, and through participating in the recreation activity and physically and mentally healthy comparative analysis while influencing. And the application number, percentage, average, standard deviation, coming to do describing statistics. Analyse with the factor, relevant analysis express the result. Assay and analyse person's east higher grade pupil's sex, grade of primary school, participate in the representative team of the school, participating in the recreation activity and single factor and making a variation and counting (One regularly with the independent sample t Way ANOVA) Analyse that participates in recreation activity time and participates in the recreation activity, physically and mentally healthy difference degree that influences equally every week. In order to reply selected title analyse person east primary school higher grade pupil participate in recreation activity type and sex, grade make alternate analysis. Assay number value and count testing for 0.05 with the result of study shows:
1. Tried person's east high grade's sex, grade of primary school, participated in the representative team of the school, participating in the recreation activity regularly in the whole. Retrieve in the effective questionnaire, man account for 210 (50.8%), Women account for 203 (49.2%), Women and man persons who answer the questions in a test paper account for the proportion of 1:1. Grade five accounts for 155 (37.5%), Grade six accounts for 256 (62.0%), Grade six and persons who answer the questions in a test paper of grade five account for 6:4 proportions. Participate in accounting for 147 in the representative team of the school (35.6%), Have not participated in accounting for 262 in the representative team of the school (63.4%), Account for 6:4 proportions. Participate in the recreation activity and account for 171 regularly (41.4%), Have not participated in the recreation activity and accounted for 240 regularly (58.1%), Account for 6:4 proportions. Participating in recreation activity days to already account for highest on more than 5 days equally every week, secondly it is 2 days.
2. Factor analyse for participate in recreation activity extract a literary composition surface factor altogether, it is the recreation cognition. It influences extracting a literary composition surface factor altogether that physically and mentally healthy, is the health influence.
3. Participate in recreation activity with physically and mentally healthy to influence parameter one with Pierre's coefficient correlation full of trees (Pearson Correlation Coefficients) Show relevant degree between, in participate in motive of outdoor activity with factor of personal life attitude appear positive correlation of showing. In personal life attitude being with factor that participate in outdoor activity hinder factor from appear apparent to shoulder relevantly.
4. The independent sample t assays and analyses that is participating in the recreation cognition of the recreation activity in sex, the result reaches the dominance difference, It is influenced that physically and mentally healthy influence healthily, do not have dominance difference. In participate in recreation activity and on being physically and mentally healthy to influence, have dominance difference finally grade. Participate in school representative team in participate in recreation activity and on being physically and mentally healthy to influence, do not have dominance difference. Regular to participate in recreation activity in participate in recreation activity and on being physically and mentally healthy to influence, the result has not reached the difference of showing.
5. Single factor is it participate in recreation activity day in participate in recreation activity and on being physically and mentally healthy to influence equally every week to analyse to count to make a variation, difference of showing exists.
6. Reply selected title analyse participate in recreation activity type number of times assign, movable ball activity account for 329 people (79.9%), The idle ease activity accounts for 266 people (64.4%), Travelling activity accounts for 69 people (16.7%), The skill hit activity accounts for 26 people (6.3%), The water activity accounts for 123 people (29.8%), The recreational activity accounts for 256 people (62.0%), Literature and art activity accounts for 114 people (27.6%), Health 150dy right to can is it account for 57 people to move (13.8%), Activity nobody stimulating fills out and selects. It is analysed that the sex cross in activity type with participating in lying fallow, man and women are all the highest with the movable ball activity. Compare alternately in activity types with participating in lying fallow of grade, grade five and grade six are all the highest with the movable ball.

並列關鍵字

elementary students ； leisure activity ； leisure Participation ； physically and mentally healthy