民間文學及其研究方法的商榷：以宋瓷中的民間文學為例

Interpreting Studies in Folk Literature by the Song Porcelain

施世昱(Shu-Yu Shih)

《藝術與文化論衡》 4期 (2014/12) Pp. 73-90

摘要

就中國陶瓷史與文學史的結構性發展而言，文化脈絡上的同頻共振－唐詩、宋詞、元曲之於唐代長沙窯與宋、金、元磁州窯系陶瓷器上的詩文裝飾－亦能與宋代的經濟、社會變革相呼應。只是，如何清楚地說明其間的結構與互動關係？問題的回答迫使筆者對研究方法進行思考，而宋代陶瓷器上的詩文裝飾是本文選擇以回答問題的一個切入點。只是，在提問與反思之間，本文採取的既不是現代主義的真理追求方法論，也不同於後現代主義的游牧漂泊價值觀，本文旨在對民間文學研究方法進行思考，尋找的是一個詮釋的語境。面對民間文學研究搖擺於口頭文學與比較文學之間的困難，本文首先探討民間文學的特質，接著再以無產階級意識型態說明宋代民窯瓷器之於民間文學研究的結構性問題。在澄清以意識形態研究民間文學的侷限後，本文乃將文化理論與比較文學研究法並列檢視，並試圖指出以美學方法研究民間文學的可能性。筆者以為，屬於台灣的民間文學研究或沒有大陸意識型態的制約而能真正敞開心懷地包容更多可能性。或許，當年輕的民間文學成長到不需要再進行繁瑣的學術論爭的那一天，也是它成熟自信到來的時刻。

關鍵字

民間文學 ； 宋瓷

並列摘要

Certain common frequencies in cultural context are shared in the structural development of the history of Chinese porcelain and literature. The Tang poetry, Song poetry, and Yuan Qu (poetry), for instance, harmonize the poetry decoration on the Changsha porcelain ware in the Tang Dynasty as well as the Cizhou ware in the Song, Jin, and Yuan dynasties. They are also consistent with the economic and social revolution of the Song Dynasty. The main issue is to explicitly address the structure and interactions among them and this spurs the Author to ponder over methodologies. The poetry decoration of the Song porcelain and ceramic wares is a key to this issue. Between question raising and retrospect, this work applies neither the truth pursuing methodology of the modernism nor the value of nomad and diaspora of the postmodernism. This work, instead, reflects on the research methodology of folk literature and seeks for a context for interpretation. Confronting the challenge that folk literature is swinging between oral literature and comparative literature, this work firstly explores features of folk literature and then demonstrates the structural issues of the Kiln ware of the Song Dynasty to the folk literature studies by means of the ideology of the proletariat. It clarifies the limitation in studying the folk literature in terms of ideology, and then further juxtaposes the research methods of cultural theories and comparative literature for a review and finds out possibilities to study the folk literature by means of aesthetics. The Author believes the Taiwanese research on folk literature, without restrictions of ideology as in Mainland China, is more open-minded and tolerated to a great diversity. When the young folk literature grows into a realm where there is no need for complicated and trivial academic arguments, it may be the day it meets its maturity and confidence.

並列關鍵字

folk literature ； Song Porcelai