身體質量指數對北台灣青少年同儕關係和自尊發展的影響

The Impacts of Body Mass Index on Northern Taiwanese Adolescents' Peer Relations and Self-Esteem Development

范綱華(Gang-Hua Fan)

《社會分析》 8期 (2014/02) Pp. 85-116

摘要

既有文獻指出，體型過胖的青少年較常被取笑，和同儕的互動關係比較差，自尊也較低。但少有研究檢視體型、同儕關係、自尊三者的關聯機制與性別和年齡的交互作用。本研究以台灣青少年成長歷程研究資料庫中的1,742名青少年為樣本，使用交叉延宕方格分析（cross-lagged panel analysis）方法，檢視身體質量指數（body mass index, BMI）與15歲和18歲男女青少年同儕關係與自尊的關聯。結果顯示，BMI對自尊的直接負面影響，對15歲男性和18歲女性最顯著；BMI透過同儕關係對自尊的間接負面影響，則對18歲女性較顯著。但是，BMI與自尊的負相關並非線性：BMI增加對體型過瘦、適中者的自尊有較明顯的負面影響，但是對體型過胖者的影響反而不明顯。自尊對青少年體型改變的影響，則只對女性青少年顯著。

關鍵字

同儕關係 ； 自尊 ； 身體質量指數 ； 青少年 ； 體型

並列摘要

Prior research has shown that, the overweight adolescents are more likely to be teased, have worse interactions with peers, and have lower self-esteem. Nevertheless, few research examine whether the mechanisms between body size, peer relation, and self-esteem interact with gender and age. Accordingly, this study use the penal data (N=1,742) drawn from the Taiwan Youth Project and apply cross-lagged panel analysis to examine the association between body mass index (BMI), peer relations, and self-esteem for boys and girls in age 15 and age 18. Results suggest that, the negative association between BMI and self-esteem is more significant for 15-year-old males and 18-year-old females. The indirect negative effect of BMI on self-esteem though peer relation is more significant among 18-year-old female adolescents. However, the association between BMI and self-esteem is not linear. The increase of BMI tend to have negative impacts on self-esteem for the underweight or normal-weight adolescents, but not for the overweight ones. The impact of self-esteem on change of body size is only found significant among female teenagers.

並列關鍵字

peer relation ； self-esteem ； BMI ； adolescent ； body size