橋梁崩落可能性初步評估機制之研究

A STUDY ON PRELIMINARY EVALUATION MECHANISM FOR BRIGDGE COLLAPSE POSSIBILITY

姚乃嘉(Nie-Jia Yau) ； 匡柄瑞(Ping-Jui Kuang) ； 洪東謀(Dung-Mou Hung)

《營建管理季刊》 88期 (2011/10) Pp. 12-22

https://doi.org/10.6505/CMJ-2011-88-12-11

摘要

臺灣地區位於太平洋地震火環帶且座落於夏季颱風侵襲的主要路徑上，因此臺灣之橋梁常遭受到地震、洪流沖刷、以及土石流之侵襲導致毀損甚至落橋，造成道路中斷、人車墜落等嚴重之影響。目前國內之橋梁安全評估係透過專業工程人員前往現地進行勘查，並資料蒐集以進行評估，其所需要耗費之人力與成本極高。本研究透過相關文獻蒐集與專家訪談，探討影響橋梁崩落之重點評估項目，並以層級分析法研擬評估項目之權重，進而建立橋梁因地震、洪流沖刷，以及土石流發生橋梁崩落可能性之初步評估機制。本研究亦選定20座橋梁進行現地勘查評估，其結果與本研究之初步評估機制相較，兩者評估落橋之可能性極為類似，由此可驗證本研究成果之正確性。本研究之成果未來可應用於臺灣地區橋梁管理資訊系統(T-BMS)中，由建立快速評估之方式篩選出崩落可能性較高之橋梁，以供橋梁管理單位優先維護管理或設置橋梁監測預警系統之參考。

關鍵字

橋梁毀損 ； 落橋 ； 地震 ； 洪流沖刷 ； 土石流 ； 橋梁評估

並列摘要

Taiwan is located in the Pacific earthquake ring of fire and on the path of typhoons occurring in summer seasons; therefore bridges are frequently damaged by earthquakes, scouring, or debris that result in interruption of traffic or even casualties. Currently, evaluation of bridge safety is performed by professional engineers collecting data and evaluating at the bridge sites; which requires huge amount of manpower and costs. This research investigates the major factors which have significant impacts on bridge collapse by literature reviews and expert interviews. These factors are then weighted by the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) method to establish a preliminary evaluation mechanism for bridge collapse due to earthquake, scouring, and debris. This research selected 20 bridges to perform on-site evaluation and the results were similar to that obtained by the preliminary evaluation mechanism. Results of this research can be applied to the Taiwan Bridge Management System (T-BMS) for establishing a fast evaluation process to screen out bridges which have relatively high potential to collapse. These bridges should be useful references for bridge management agencies that have higher priority in performing maintenance tasks or installing pre-warning monitoring systems.

並列關鍵字

Bridge Damage ； Bridge Collapse ； Earthquake ； Scouring ； Debris ； Bridge Evaluation