工程災害之緊急處置與管理－以地下工程災害為例

EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND MANAGEMENT AGAINST CONSTRUCTION DISASTER: LESSONS LEARNED FROM AN UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION CASE

蔡錦松(Jimn-Song Tsai) ； 鄭介旗(Chieh-Chi Cheng)

《營建管理季刊》 88期 (2011/10) Pp. 34-42

https://doi.org/10.6505/CMJ-2011-88-34-9

摘要

工程災害衝擊性高與影響層面廣，政府單位與工程人員如何合作，協調各方資源進行緊急處置，發揮安定社會人心的功能，是避免災害影響擴大的重要議題。許多研究檢討應變過程，指出災害的突發性、不確定性與急迫性，導致大量的協調需求，為緊急組織應變失能的主因，進而建議簡化緊急組織架構，並以分權化與低正式化方式彈性運作。然而，這簡單概念常無法落實於實務中，研判主要原因在於災害突然發生，緊急組織成員無法立即反應現況，導致延誤處置時機。為提升緊急組織的應變能力，本文透過個案研究法，回溯2005年高雄捷運因地下施工不慎造成之塌陷災變之應變過程，走訪參與成員，探討緊急組織建置與運作重點。研究結果建議三項處置與管理原則：(1)緊急組織依影響層面擴大迅速建置，指揮階層須集中整合工程與公共兩個面向，(2)工程面須以簡單型態建構與運作，加速協調資訊，即時下達指令處理災變，(3)在公共面則須以臨時型態建構與整合政府體系運作，建立相互調整之協調機制，加強對外資訊的一致性。

關鍵字

工程災害 ； 緊急組織 ； 組織型態 ； 協調

並列摘要

Any large construction incident in urban area can easily turn into a disaster and introduce unexpected societal impact to the community. Facing such threatening possibility, the government, who is responsible to the stability of the community, needs to well collaborate cross-disciplinary members for quick response. Since the coordination works under sudden disaster would soon emerge overwhelmingly, some researches strongly suggested emergency organization should employ decentralization as well as non-formalization in a malleable structured system to generate effective response. However, practical experiences reveal this simple idea cannot be implemented appropriately. This paper is to explore a retrospective case study of large cave-in incident caused by underground tunneling construction in Kaohsiung via the lens of those previous researches in organization theory. Our findings indicate that (1) the incident of a job-site may turn into a disaster soon, and the jurisdiction as well as the foci of emergency management would quickly shift according to the continuously escalating situation. A flexible organizational structure is needed to deal with both engineering problems and public concerns simultaneously. (2) This organization must configure a simple structure allowing the commander to direct supervise and ease possible confuses. (3) Mutual adjustment is a must to promptly coordinate in the adhocracy structure to quickly respond to the public concerns.

並列關鍵字

Construction Disaster ； Emergency Organization ； Organization Configuration ； Coordination