整合地理資訊系統與資料探勘技術於都會區複合性災害境況模擬之研究

INTEGRATING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM AND DATA MINING TECHNIQUES TO SIMULATE MULTI-HAZARDS IN METROPOLITAN CITY

周瑞生(Jui-Sheng Chou) ； 李振銘(Chen-Ming Lee)

《營建管理季刊》 95期 (2013/07) Pp. 15-33

https://doi.org/10.6505/CMJ-2013-95-15-19

摘要

臺灣位處環太平洋地震帶的海島環境，生活周遭常面臨颱洪侵襲、坡地坍滑、地震等天然災害。面對上述致災因子，甚而複合性災害所帶來的威脅，將造成政府及人民財產損失並危害生命安全。臺北市為臺灣政經首都且人口密度高，在既有之都市防災作業中，考慮複合型災害或極端性氣候下之災害防救作業，貴為當前急需處理的首要議題。本文針對臺北市面臨強降雨量與周圍潛勢斷層，擬定四十八個複合性災害情境，透過水文、淹水分析成果與TELES (Taiwan Earthquake Loss Estimation System)地震潛勢分析理論，進行臺北市各行政區的複合性災害潛勢圖層套疊與避難人數評估。分析結果依資料呈現方式可區分為災前靜態的災害潛勢圖與收容能量評估表，係以潛勢圖層進行地理資訊系统的空間與數據套疊，並結合市府目前規劃之臨時避難場所進行收容能量的評估；在災時動態的避難人數推估曲線，為藉由資料探勘技術建構之模式預測成果繪製而得，可即時推算臺北市各行政區遭受複合性災害時的避難人數與容受力。文末則提出結論與建議，期供相關單位作為災害防救決策資訊之依據。

關鍵字

複合性災害潛勢分析 ； 收容能量評估 ； 地理資訊系統 ； 資料探勘

並列摘要

Located in the circum-Pacific seismic zone, Taiwan constantly encounters the threats of natural disasters such as typhoons, floods, landslides, and earthquakes. The threats posed by the disaster-inducing factors mentioned above as well as compound disasters pose the risk of property loss to the government and the people and severely endanger safety. Because Taipei City is both the political and economic capital of Taiwan and has a high population density, it must consider disaster prevention and relief operations for compound disasters and extreme climates in addition to existing metropolitan disaster prevention operations. This is a primary issue that currently demands immediate solutions. The present study formulated 48 compound-disaster scenarios based on the threats of heavy rainfall and surrounding potential faults. Hydrology and flood analysis theories and the Taiwan earthquake loss estimation system (TELES) were employed to assess the potential for compound disasters and the number of subsequent displaced people in the various administrative districts of Taipei City. The resulting disaster potential diagrams were integrated to conduct GIS (Geographic Information System) spatial and data analysis, and temporary refuges or shelters currently planned by the city government were compared. Furthermore, a dynamic assessment curve for the number of displaced people during a multi-disasters was plotted using data mining techniques. Subsequently, a cross table was obtained and employed to predict the number of refugees in the various administrative districts of Taipei City. Finally, a conclusion and recommendations were provided for relevant departments that can be used as a basis for information when making disaster prevention and relief decisions concerning earthquakes and flooding simultaneously.

並列關鍵字

Multi-hazards ； Shelter capacity ； GIS ； TELES ； Data mining