造假有效、更正無力？第三方事實查核機制初探

When False Claims Take Root Do Corrections Matter? A Preliminary Study on Third-Party Fact-Checking Mechanisms

胡元輝(Hu, Yuan-Hui)

《傳播研究與實踐》 8卷2期 (2018/07) Pp. 43-73

https://doi.org/10.6123/JCRP.2018.07_8(2).0002

摘要

假新聞議題受到全球廣泛關注及輿論高度質疑之後，幾個具市場主導地位的網路與社交媒體平臺業者最主要的因應作法即是與第三方事實查核組織合作，對假新聞進行判定與標示，惟此一更正作為的效果亦引發爭議。本文系統性檢視逆火效應與更正訊息的相關研究，釐清事實查核所可能產生的作用，並就美國第三方事實查核機制的現行作法進行探討。透過次級資料分析與文本分析，本研究認為目前美國事實查核組織的運作原則與查核報告的呈現方式部分吻合逆火效應的研究結果，未來宜進一步評估更正訊息的作法與策略，以提升事實查核的更正效力。

關鍵字

社群媒體 ； 事實查核 ； 逆火效應 ； 假新聞

並列摘要

In response to the issue of fake news having recently received wide attention and stimulated intense global concern, several leading online and social media platforms have partnered with third-party fact-checking organizations to flag news content and evaluate its accuracy. However, increasing controversy exists regarding the impact and efficacy of fact-checking and the existence of an associated backfire effect. This study systematically examines the research on information correction and the backfire effect, identifies the possible impacts of fact-checking, and discusses the current practice of third-party fact-checking mechanisms in the U.S. Through analysis of secondary data and textual analysis, this study concludes that the current operating principles of fact-checking and the presentation of the results of such fact-checking in the U.S. correspond partly to the research findings regarding the backfire effect. More research is needed to further evaluate the practice and strategies of fact-checking to enhance the positive impact of information correction.

並列關鍵字

backfire effect ； fact-checking, fake news ； misinformation ； social media

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