現代漢語情態副詞的語用分析──以語料庫中的「其實」一詞論述

The Usages of Epistemic Adverbs Based on Corpora: Exemplified by qishi

張莉萍(Li-Ping Chang)

《臺灣華語教學研究》 11期 (2015/12) Pp. 9-30

https://doi.org/10.29748/TJCSL.201512_(11).0002

摘要

現代漢語情態副詞「其實」在對外漢語教材中的語義說明通常是以英語“actually, in fact, as a matter of fact”表示，一般把它當詞條處理，不多做說明或練習。然而只靠翻譯，對其他與之意義相近的副詞，如「事實上、實在、真的」的使用，學習者很容易產生混用。本研究先透過書面語、口語語料庫檢視「其實」在真實語料中的用法，藉著詞和詞之間橫向關係與上下文之間的縱向關係，提出「其實」的語義與語用分析，並以同樣方法分析幾個相近語義副詞的異同。本研究建議在教材中對這類副詞除了翻譯其語義外，也要有清楚的語用指引，以提高學習者對此類副詞的學習意識進而避免偏誤。

關鍵字

華語 ； 語用分析 ； 橫向關係 ； 會話隱含 ； 情態副詞 ； 語料庫

並列摘要

The epistemic adverbs like qishi ‘in fact’ in L2 Chinese textbooks are traditionally only listed as lexical items and translated as ‘actually, in fact, as a matter of fact’. However, they often caused learners’ confusion in usage of the near synonyms such as shishishang, shizai, and zhende. This study utilizes the syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations of the epistemic adverbs through oral as well as written corpora to analyze the semantic and pragmatic functions. It shows that there are two meanings for qishi. One use of it is to point out the fact. The other is to express something contrary to what is expected. In order to raise learners’ consciousness and to avoid errors, this study suggests in addition to the translation of lexical items, the pragmatic function of epistemic adverbs be listed in the textbook and practiced in instruction.

並列關鍵字

Mandarin Chinese ； Pragmatic analysis ； Syntagmatic relations ； Conventionalized implicature ； Epistemic adverbs ； Corpus

參考文獻

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方清明(2013)。論漢語敘實性語用標記「實際上」─兼與「事實上、其實」比較。語言教學與研究。4，91-99。