從靈性的意涵探討高齡者的靈性教育方案

Explore the spiritual education program for elderly person from spiritual meaning

王櫻蓓(Ying-Pei Wang) ； 孫逸民(YI-MIN Sun)

《休閒運動保健學報》 12期 (2017/03) Pp. 24-35

https://doi.org/10.6204/JRSHP.201703_(12).0003

摘要

世界衛生組織（The World Health Organization）於1947年對「健康」所做的定義是「一種生理、心理、社會完全安適的狀態，不僅是沒有疾病或虛弱而已」。後來許多學者把情緒從心理健康中抽離，再加入靈性（spiritual health），使得健康成為生理、心理、社會、情緒、靈性等五個層面的組成。人是不可分割的整體，所以這五個組成會彼此影響，而且會直接影響健康。在台灣，「邁向高齡社會一老人教育政策白皮書」已於2006年底正式公佈，其肯定「個體生存與發展在於生命的意義、智慧與靈性等三種層次的追求」，及「靈性的追求是最高的層次」，突顯我國社會對於成功老化概念推廣的迫切需要。高齡者面對心靈上困境的機會，比在生命前期階段更大。主要原因來自於包括脫離社會價值體系的人際關係減損，或是因為生理性的退化而容易面臨到病苦折磨和情緒困擾等。而就身心靈健康而言，探討高齡者靈性發展之意涵確實有其必要性。本文主旨為闡釋靈性健康理論，從需求層次的角度看見靈性需求，並從靈性的定義與特性，確認靈性的意涵，論述現在各學術領域對於靈性研究的探討程度，最後提出靈性健康的議題在課程中實踐的樣貌。

關鍵字

高齡者 ； 靈性需求 ； 靈性教育方案

並列摘要

The definition of World Health Organization in 1947 for ＂health＂ is ＂Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.＂ After that, many scholars pull emotional away from mental health, and then add spirituality (spiritual health), making health becomes five levels for physical, mental, social, emotional and spiritual. A person is a complete individual and without cutting apart, so these five components will directly affect the health and each other. In Taiwan, the ＂ White paper of elder education policy for towards elderly society ＂ has announced in the end of 2006, it is affirmative ＂individual survival and development in three levels of meanings, wisdom and spiritual pursuit of life＂, and ＂Spirituality is the highest level ＂, highlighting the urgent need for our society to promote the concept of successful aging. Elderly people face greater opportunities for mental difficulties more than in the early stages of life. The main reason is derived from the reduction of interpersonal relationships from the social value system, or because of the physical degradation and easy to face torture and emotional distress and so on. In terms of physical and mental health, it is indeed necessary to explore the meaning of the spiritual development of the elderly. This article is intended to explain the theory of spiritual health, spiritual needs from demand level. And confirm the spiritual meaning from definition and character of spiritual, and states how spiritual research and discussion in other domains, then proposed spiritual health issues in the course of practice.

並列關鍵字

Elderly ； spiritual health ； spiritual education program