The essay analyses the hermeneutics of civilizational dialogue and identifies four basic principles, or requirements: recognition of the equality of the ”lifeworlds;” awareness of the ”dialectics” of cultural self-comprehension; acknowledgement of formal ”metanorms” such as the principle of mutuality; and transcending the circle of ”civilizational self-affirmation.” On the basis of these criteria, the essay investigates how politics will have to be reshaped-domestically, regionally and globally-to enable a genuine dialogue of cultures and civilizations that can also serve as a cornerstone of peaceful coexistence among states. Addressing today's multicultural reality and its impact on the traditional nation-state, the essay underlines the importance of intercultural openness and ”civilizational curiosity”-instead of ”civilizational nostalgia”-and suggests a redefinition of ”co-existence” in the sense of active mutual engagement. The paper further undertakes a critical assessment of the role of ”dialogue” as a fashionable decorum of international politics and questions the instrumentalization of the civilizational paradigm in the context of international politics.