宋代程大昌《考古編》之〈中庸論〉探析

The Research of Cheng Da-Chang's ＂Discourse of Chung Yung＂ of ＂Kaogu Bian＂ in Song Dynasty

王世豪(Wang, Shih-Hao)

《藝見學刊》 22期 (2021/10) Pp. 13-25

https://doi.org/10.6207/ART-VISION.202110_(22).013-025

摘要

宋人筆記中的學術論述多元，其中涉及四書類的論述卻呈現著零散的分布。作為宋代儒家的思想發展和論述的主要文本，筆記中的四書相關論述其實是一個具有觀察價值的側面。本文研究的主軸，著眼於作為南宋徽學的代表人物─程大昌的學術筆記《考古編》中四篇〈中庸論〉對宋代理學家心性論和修養論的繼承與闡發。本文首先闡述了中唐自兩宋以來《中庸》的地位逐步提升的背景原因，然後概述程大昌的融合理學於經世致用的學術特色。接著分別探考其四篇〈中庸論〉的內容，從而分析其對《中庸》的天道與心性修養的觀點。當中發現歷來皆云程氏對朱熹理學之宗承，但在〈中庸論〉中談體道證妙的程序和心性誠明等第是有其自我的見解和修正的看法的。並從其所「論」的內容分「辯駁」、「補述」、「申說」三項，評析其中庸觀點及論說之層次，以明白南宋徽州理學的代表人物─程大昌在宋代學術筆記的四書論述與中庸思想的內容與特色。

關鍵字

宋代學術筆記 ； 四書 ； 中庸 ； 程大昌 ； 考古編

並列摘要

The content of the academic notes of Song scholars is very diverse. The discourses on the four books are distributed in the records of many fragments. The discussion of the four books in the academic notes has the value of observation and research. The main research of this thesis is to observe and analyze Cheng Da-Chang's ＂Discourse of Chung Yung＂ of ＂Kaogu Bian＂ in Song Dynasty. First of all, this study starts from the scholars' discussion of ＂Chung Yung＂ in the late Tang Dynasty. Second, it introduces the academic characteristics of Cheng Da-Chang who apply classical literature theory to practice in political system. Finally, analyze the four contents of ＂Discourse of Chung Yung＂, discuss Cheng Da-Chang's exposition of ＂Chung Yung＂, in order to understand Cheng Da-Chang's views and thoughts on this issue. In the research, it is found that there is a different discussion between Cheng Da-Chang's view and the general view of Zhu Xi . This part and the previous view on the academic inheritance of Cheng Da-Chang are a new research finding.

並列關鍵字

Academic Notes in Song Dynasty ； ＂Four Books＂ ； ＂Chung Yung＂ ； Cheng Da-Chang ； ＂Kaogu bian＂