戰後臺灣佛教正義議題之回顧

A Reflection on Postwar Taiwan's Buddhist Justice

侯坤宏(Kun-Hung Hou)

《法印學報》 6期 (2016/04) Pp. 103-148

摘要

「正義」（Justice）是道德政治哲學的一個非常重要的概念，當我們就戰後臺灣佛教發展進行反思，「正義」是一個不容忽視的議題。在歷史上，「正義」總和特定的價值觀和社會制度相聯繫，其含義存在著諸多岐異，有時它在法律上與其在倫理上的含義互相矛盾，也可能與宗教上的含義相衝突。戰後臺灣佛教正義問題之所以產生，主要源自兩方面：一是來自教外的衝擊與挑戰，居於護教或關懷當前社會發生種種不合理的事件引發的抗議宣傳與活動；另一則是因對教內現況不滿而引生。前者如：環境保護、自然生態保育、動物權、反賭博運動等諸問題，後者如：僧俗關係、男女平權、寺廟違建與大型教團過度發展等問題。有關戰後臺灣佛教正義問題，不能僅憑道德推理或哲學論證，應根據過去發生的歷史及學界對此領域累積的研究成果，做必要的回顧與檢討，撰寫本文的用意即在於此。

關鍵字

臺灣佛教 ； 正義 ； 護生 ； 生態倫理 ； 男女平權

並列摘要

Justice is a crucial concept in moral and political philosophy and cannot be ignored when one reflects on the evolution of Buddhism in postwar Taiwan. Historically speaking, the concept of justice was closely related to social systems and values in a specifically given time frame. It was also sometimes in conflict with legal, ethical and religious implications. Issues surrounding Buddhist justice in postwar Taiwan stemmed from two aspects. The first is a surge of challenges from outside the Buddhist realm, leading to moves aimed at preserving Buddhist stance or responding to a variety of social unreasonableness, such as environmental protection, animal rights, and anti-gambling movement. The second aspect concerned dissatisfaction from within the Buddhist circle itself, involving such issues as relationship between Buddhist clergy and lay people, equal rights for men and women, violation of temple constructions, and over-development of Buddhist sangha. This article seeks to examine the issue of Buddhist justice in postwar Taiwan not from moral reasoning or philosophical arguments, but from a reflection and review of past history and previous studies on related issues.

並列關鍵字

Buddhism in Taiwan ； Justice ； Life Protection ； Ecological Ethics ； Equal Rights for Men and Women