轉型正義的機制及脈絡因素－以台灣為例

The Institutional Choice and Contextual Factors of Transitional Justice-The Case of Taiwan

李怡俐(Yi-Li Lee)

《台灣人權學刊》 1卷2期 (2012/06) Pp. 145-176

https://doi.org/10.29733/THRJ.201206.0009

摘要

本文所聚焦討論的問題是轉型正義的機制與其相應的脈絡因素。在有關轉型正義的文獻中，大多數的討論集中於「如何」（how）運用機制處理發生在不同國家的轉型正義問題。對於轉型正義的脈絡因素，尚無根本性與系統性的討論。個別國家「為何」（why）會選擇不同的機制處理轉型正義？基於「何種」（what）考量下選擇該機制？轉型的脈絡因素如何影響機制的選擇？影響的強度？都是值得進一步討論的問題。為回應這些問題，本文整理出六大機制如刑事追訴、真相調查和解委員會、權力淨化、賠償、大赦與遺忘過去與五大脈絡因素如憲政改革、社會集體文化、政權更迭、國際干預以及殖民經驗，並且嘗試以台灣的例子討論彼此的關係。本文認為憲政改革、社會集體文化與政權更迭等因素影響了台灣在轉型正義上的機制選擇。但此種機制留下許多問題與困境。而此種困境是否因台灣簽訂兩大人權公約與制定內國施行法後出現新的契機？是值得進一步探究的問題。

關鍵字

轉型正義 ； 轉型機制 ； 轉型因素

並列摘要

This paper aims to discuss why the countries would choose different mechanisms to deal with the issues of transitional justice and how contextual factors influence those institutional choices. Six main transitional justice mechanisms including criminal trial, truth commission, reparation, amnesty, lustration law and forgotten policy have presence on the issues of transitional justice. Based upon the prior academic literatures, this paper outlines five contextual factors such as constitutional change, constitutional culture, regime change, international influence and colonization to explain why the new democratic governments chose the specific mechanism to face the transitional justice in the course of democratization. Furthermore, this paper employs Taiwan as a case to elaborate the relationship between the institution choice and contextual factor. The finding is incremental constitutional change, constitutional culture and negotiation-oriented regime change are three main factors to influence the institutional choice of Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

transitional justice ； institutional choice ； contextual factor