公共工程專案工期遲延關鍵因素探討

公共工程的各類統包專案，其規模較為龐大、遷涉的層面廣、施作期程長，承包商在施工界面的關聯性因專案過於複雜，易受各方條件等因素影響，致使專案工程無法於預定的期程完工，導致工程進度發生遲延之契約爭議，影響公共工程建設甚巨。本研究以承包商角度探討當工程發生遲延時，其所衍生出的種種契約爭議，會造成專案負面的連鎖反應,直接影響工程結案時間，此攸關業主、監造單位及承包商等權益，必須耗費大量的時間及人力等成本進行處理。如何有效地降低公共工程專案遲延，已成為改善工程專案遲延的重要關鍵因素，亦為本研究之主要方向。本研究架構係利用「修正式德菲法」及「AHP層級分析法」以專家問卷評估公共工程專案工期遲延的關鍵因素，藉由文獻的彙集和修正式德菲法問卷調查結果，建構四大主構面及十九項因素。專家問卷對象包括：公營機構(業主)、營造廠商、監造單位、設計顧問公司及專案承包商等各行業專家。分析結果顯示，公共工程專案工期遲延之六大主要關鍵因素為：承攬施工界面整合問題、工程設計變更、法令變更/政策改變、財務狀況資金短缺、審查資料往復程序冗長，與材料檢驗報告審核延宕等。本研究並依遲延原因之權重排序各關鍵因素並作重要性分類，以提供業主與承包商作為參與公共工程專案之預防工程遲延的改善措施及相對因應對策之建議。

關鍵字

公共工程專案；工期遲延；關鍵因素；層級分析法

並列摘要

Owing to enormous project scale, complex involvement, longer construction period, complicated construction work, and different unforeseeable factors, it is difficult for all public construction project contractors to maintain their schedule. This kind of project delay has a negative impact on the development of public construction projects. From contractors' point of view, this research will focus on when construction delayed which would induce various disputes and different reactions. How project owners, supervisors, and contractors will handle the cost of time and manpower expensed. Therefore, how to effectively avoid the project delay will be the key factors on improving construction scheduling. These key factors are the main topics of this research. The framework of this research is using「Modified Delphi Method」and「Analytic Hierarchy Process」to come out key factors which may cause public construction projects delay. By adopting document collecting and results of Modified Delphi Method, this analysis conducts four main frameworks and will use nineteen factors to investigate. The experts of this investigation are coming from Public organization, construction firms, supervisors, engineering consultant firms, and project contractors. The result of this research reveals six major key factors to construction project delay, and they are integration of contract operation work, design change in construction period, changes of regulations and policies, financial difficulty and fund shortage of contractor, long documentation review processes, and redundant approval procedures. At the end of this research, ranking of different key factors is assigned based on significant impact to project delay. This will provide owners and contractors with measurements and methods for improvement and suggestions and countermeasures to prevent for project delay.