China is a multi-ethnic country. Chinese traditional sports, as the key component of Chinese traditional culture, are the concentrated reflection of Chinese national survival wisdom and philosophy. National traditional sports not only have sports attributes, but also have very important cultural attributes. This paper revealed the protection and development of Chinese traditional sports culture, analyzed the existing characteristics of Chinese traditional sports by using the methods of literature and induction, and further explored and pointed out the main existing problems of the value orientation of cultural protection extension, such as emphasizing competition over the masses, emphasizing sports over culture, valuing tradition over modernity, and inheriting traditional attributes and valuing sports attributes. From three aspects of mass culture and modernization of cultural attributes, this paper puts forward suggestions on cultural protection and development value orientation of traditional national sports, which may provide reference values for future studies.