重大災害後的族群社經脆弱現象觀察與分析：以莫拉克颱風災後重建的杉林慈濟大愛園區為例

Observation and Analysis in the Aftermath's Socio-Economic Vulnerability Phenomenon of Major Disaster for Ethnic Communities' Rebuilding Preocess: Case Study in Tzuchi Da-Ai Villages during Morakot Typhoon Post-Disaster Reconstruction

洪啟東(Chi-Tung Hung) ； 傅玟盛(Wen-Sheng Fu)

《災害防救科技與管理學刊》 2卷1期 (2013/03) Pp. 51-70

https://doi.org/10.6149/JDM.2013.0201.04

摘要

本研究藉由臺灣2009年之巨型天然災害莫拉克颱風的重建過程現象，論述有關小型重建聚落（如，杉林慈濟大愛園區）的社會空間發展脆弱現象，目的在於：（1）災後重建安置後，不同族群生活習性的差異，突顯重建族群政策的「不同調」（補助款差異與多頭馬車的管理單位），這是災後重建論述所少見的。（2）重建區的非政府組織之回復力鍵結（災後重建、體制與應變策略），表徵化（representation）空間使用者對於重建家園計畫內容無法認同，導致重建計畫的問題叢生（信仰、公共空間、地域認同〔identification〕）。本文以高雄市杉林區慈濟大愛園區的安置個案作為觀察對象，透過深入訪談的質化分析研究方法，突顯災區重建過程所呈現的社經與設施脆弱性（socio-economic and facility vulnerabilities）等論述建構作討論。研究貢獻將釐清非政府組織與在地居民（不同族群及受災地區）等不同關係者的調適（adaptation）與災後重建策略，藉以表明莫拉克颱風災後重建過程，異地重建後的政策可行性與災後復原重建在族群差異的社經殊異性（distinction）。

關鍵字

社經脆弱度 ； 族群差異性 ； 災後重建 ； 莫拉克颱風 ； 杉林大愛園區

並列摘要

Through the observation over Morakot typhoon, a major natural disaster for Taiwan in 2009, reconstruction process phenomenon, this research attempted to discuss related social space development vulnerability and resilience. Purposes of this article lie in: (1) Differences in accommodation methods and living habits among various ethnic communities. These aforementioned characteristics are rarely found in thesis on post-disaster reconstruction. (2) Resilience (re-building, system and contingency strategy) connection for reconstruction sites. This article attempted to illustrate mega natural disaster's impact on social and economical policies through reconstruction cases. As we know that the large scale post-disaster reconstruction involves various different aspects and its influence is more complicated. In Taiwan, there are only a few articles discussing impact from effective solution of offsite reconstruction which is aimed to counter natural disaster's catastrophic effect. The main reason is spatial users fail to recognize themselves with contents of home rebuilding projects. This has led to the failure of such projects. Therefore, this article looks at differences of post-disaster reconstruction and tries to explore planning methods for space reconstruction system as well as space utilization during the rebuilding process. This article selected relocation cases in Tzuchi Da-Ai Village, Shan-Lin District, Kaohsiung City for observation and, through research methods of in-depth interview qualitative analysis, highlighted theory structures of socio-economical and facility vulnerability during reconstruction as well as local concerns on relocation/reconstruction policies for discussion purpose. Meanwhile, this research is dedicated to clarification of adaptation and post-disaster reconstruction strategies for various stakeholders of non-government organizations and local residents (from different ethnic communities and disaster areas). The purpose is to present the policy feasibility for offsite reconstruction as well as social differences and vulnerability on various ethnic communities during post-disaster resurrection and its industry reconstruction.

並列關鍵字

Socio-economic vulnerability ； Ethnic community differences ； Post-disaster reconstruction ； Morakot typhoon ； Da-Ai village

參考文獻

行政院經濟建設委員會(2009)。區域重建綱要計畫。臺北市:作者。

全國成(2010)。以原住民族的重建需求為觀點─探討家園重建政策與原鄉期待的落差與衝突。社區發展季刊。131，230-249。

周浪、黃青松(2010)。從512 地震後什邡、都江堰村鎮房屋受損調查引發的思考。工程抗災與加固改造。32(1)，122-125。

邱燕玲、曾韋禎，2009，8 月28 日，〈重建上限1200 億，可強制遷村〉，《自由時報》。2013 年3 月19 日，摘錄自http://www.libertytimes.com.tw/2009/new/aug/28/today-t2.htm

保明東(2001)。雲南麗江地震民房恢復重建模式。中國減災。11，33-37。