史前館參與嘉蘭村莫拉克風災心靈教育重建工作之探討－兼論部落因應災害的互助機制

A Discussion on the National Museum of Prehistory's Participating the Spiritual and Educational Reconstruction Project at Jialan Village After Disaster of Typhoon Morakot-Also on the Discussion of the Mutual Aid Mechanism of Tribes' Response to Disasters

林建成(Jiann-Cherng Lin)

《原住民自然人文期刊》 3期 (2012/06) Pp. 35-54

https://doi.org/10.29875/JNHEIP.201206.0002

摘要

太麻里溪流域的東排灣族傳統社會存在的互助機制，平時族人於生活上相互幫忙，危急時則發揮自助人助的信念，救助自己並爭取外援，2009年莫拉克颱風的災害發生後，藉著這股無形精神力量的支撐，陪伴族人走過難關。莫拉克颱風於大武山區降下了約2700毫米的雨量，嘉蘭村7個組成部落中，鄰近太麻里溪的Maljivel、Maledep、Tjulu-uai部落受到溪水無情沖擊災情慘重，60戶民宅毀壞，土地家園流失，生活頓失依靠，文化傳承面臨如同站在斷崖上的危機。災後，國立臺灣史前文化博物館（以下簡稱史前館）迅速組成風災小組，實施為期一年的「關懷嘉蘭村莫拉克風災心靈、教育重建計畫」，以田野實務結合文化展、演活動，積極參與嘉蘭村社區原住民部落、學校的重建工作，期望協助災區民眾、學童早日走出災難的傷痛、重整家園。工作過程中，無論鄉公所或部落族人推動災後各項重建工作，經常提起babu-zangal（自助人助），勉勵自己也為受災族人加油打氣，希望藉著大家的力量儘快將生活恢復常軌。史前館以博物館專業職能，關懷災區協助重建，在善盡一份社會責任的同時，也以部落為主體思考，重視因應災害的傳統機制及知識，經由整理、規劃，並藉著博物館擅長的展演方式實踐，分享社會大眾，達成社會教育的目的。

關鍵字

莫拉克風災 ； 災害博物館學 ； 心靈教育重建 ； babu-zangal（自助人助）

並列摘要

The mutual aid mechanism exists in the traditional society of the Eastern Paiwans inhabit along the Taimali River valley. Usually they help one another in daily life, whenever emergency occurs, the belief of mutual aid mechanism exerts, not only self-rescue but also fighting for aids from outside. After the disasters brought by Typhoon Morakot in 2009, they have waddled through by means of the support of this invisible spiritual power. It brought 2700 mm rainfall during Typhoon Morakot. There were seven tribes in Jialan Village, but three of them, Maljivel, Maledep, and Tjulu-uai, which were near by the Taimali River, were eroded by flood, sixty houses were destroyed, land disappeared, they barely survived; the cultural heritage was facing crisis as well. The National Museum of Prehistory (NMP) organized a group rapidly after the typhoon disaster. ”The Concerning Project of Spiritual and Educational Reconstruction for Jialan Village After Typhoon Morakok” was a project of one year. It was a project of field works combined with a series of cultural activities including exhibition and performance. The NMP attended the reconstruction of indigenous community and school positively, expecting the people and children in the disaster area could walk out from sorrow earlier and reconstruct their homes. During the process of the project, we heard very often the term ”babu-zangal” which means ”self-assistance, other-assistance”, they used this idiom to encourage themselves and other tribe fellows, hopefully by means of everyone's effort, they could return to the previous normal life as soon as possible. The NMP concerns the reconstruction of the disaster area through its professional knowledge and function. While completing the social duty, the NMP also considers the tribe as the core of the event. The NMP pays attention to the traditional mechanism and knowledge of response to disaster. By means of information collecting, planning, and through the forms of exhibition and performance, which are also the approaches that museums are expert in. Then the traditional mechanism and knowledge of response to disaster can be shared to the public and the purpose of social education can be achieved.

並列關鍵字

disaster of Typhoon Morakot ； museology of disaster ； spiritual and educational reconstruction ； babu-zangal (self-assistance, other-assistance)