棒球運動參與涉入與觀賞流暢體驗之關係－觀賞涉入為中介變項

Examining the Mediating Effects of Spectators' Involvement on the Relationship between Sport Participation Specialization and Spectators' Flow Experience in Baseball

高立學(Li-Shiue Gau) ； 賴世堯(Shih-Yao Lai)

《屏東科大體育學刊》 2期 (2013/03) Pp. 29-41

摘要

This study attempted to confirm that flow experiences in watching baseball games exist, investigate the relationship between sport participation specialization and the spectators' flow experiences in baseball, and examine how spectators' involvement can serve as a mediator in the relationship between sport participation specialization and flow experiences in watching sports. Questionnaires were utilized to collect data, including three scales of baseball participation specialization (10items), baseball spectators' involvement (9items), and flow experiences in watching baseball games (9items). All items were measured using a 7-point Likert scale from ”strongly disagree” to ”strongly agree.” By a convenience sampling, 107 returned questionnaires were valid. The scales' Cronbach's alphas were .980, .983, and .985. The mean scores (higher than 4.5) of flow experiences in watching sports revealed that 71 respondents (67.6%) more or less enjoyed flow experiences. With K-means cluster analysis, the respondents were divided into the high-spectator-involvement group(69people)and the low-spectator-involvement group(37people). Further, with K-means cluster analysis, the respondents were divided into the high-sport-participation-specialization group(61people) and the group(42people) of low-sport-participation-specialization. The analysis of variance showed that both high involvement and specialization groups had higher flow experiences in watching sports than the low involvement and low specialization groups. The regression analysis was used to test the mediating effect of the spectators' involvement on the relationship between sport participation specialization and spectators' flow experiences. The results showed an almost complete mediation effect. The standardized regression coefficients of the sport participation specialization were decreased from 0.78(p＜.001) to 0.19 (p=.023) when the spectators' involvement was put into the regression equation as another independent variable.This indicated that the spectators' involvement could predict the spectators' flow experience (r=0.73) and served as an important mediator of the relationship between the sport participation specialization and the spectators' flow experience. Future research can examine the mediation model in different sports.

關鍵字

專業化 ； 情感涉入 ； 流暢體驗 ； 運動 ； 觀賞運動

並列摘要

This study attempted to confirm that flow experiences in watching baseball games exist, investigate the relationship between sport participation specialization and the spectators' flow experiences in baseball, and examine how spectators' involvement can serve as a mediator in the relationship between sport participation specialization and flow experiences in watching sports. Questionnaires were utilized to collect data, including three scales of baseball participation specialization (10items), baseball spectators' involvement (9items), and flow experiences in watching baseball games (9items). All items were measured using a 7-point Likert scale from ”strongly disagree” to ”strongly agree.” By a convenience sampling, 107 returned questionnaires were valid. The scales' Cronbach's alphas were .980, .983, and .985. The mean scores (higher than 4.5) of flow experiences in watching sports revealed that 71 respondents (67.6%) more or less enjoyed flow experiences. With K-means cluster analysis, the respondents were divided into the high-spectator-involvement group(69people)and the low-spectator-involvement group(37people). Further, with K-means cluster analysis, the respondents were divided into the high-sport-participation-specialization group(61people) and the group(42people) of low-sport-participation-specialization. The analysis of variance showed that both high involvement and specialization groups had higher flow experiences in watching sports than the low involvement and low specialization groups. The regression analysis was used to test the mediating effect of the spectators' involvement on the relationship between sport participation specialization and spectators' flow experiences. The results showed an almost complete mediation effect. The standardized regression coefficients of the sport participation specialization were decreased from 0.78(p＜.001) to 0.19 (p=.023) when the spectators' involvement was put into the regression equation as another independent variable.This indicated that the spectators' involvement could predict the spectators' flow experience (r=0.73) and served as an important mediator of the relationship between the sport participation specialization and the spectators' flow experience. Future research can examine the mediation model in different sports.

並列關鍵字

Baseball ； Specialization ； Affective Involvement ； Flow Experience ； Sport