籃球員正向心理與運動自我效能之研究－以2014年全國全民中州盃籃球錦標賽為例

本研究主要探討目的：比較不同背景變項籃球選手在正向心理的差異、比較不同背景變項籃球選手在運動自我效能的差異。以2014年全國全民中州盃籃球錦標賽的選手為研究對象，發出550份（回收449份），有效問卷為401份（89.3%）。研究工具為樂觀量表與運動自我效能量表問卷。所得資料以獨立樣本t考驗、單因子變異數分析及皮爾遜積差相關統計方法進行。結果：一、正向心理：在樂觀傾向與信念影響的構面，不同性別、不同參賽組、不同教育程度的籃球選手，均達顯著水準。不同性別女性高於男性；不同參賽組別高女組與社女組明顯高於高男組與社男組；不同教育程度碩士以上、國中以下、高中職組的選手明顯高於大學組與專科組的選手。二、運動自我效能：情緒調節與調節焦點的構面，不同性別、不同參賽組別，均達顯著水準。不同性別情緒調節與調節焦點女性高於男性；情緒調節構面，依序為社女與高女組、國女組、高男組、國男組、社男組；調節焦點構面，依序為社女組、國女組、高女組、社男組、國男組、高男組。顯示女性組別較會以正向的態度看待事情，身處壓力情境時也會沉著應對，經常把焦點放在未來希望獲得的成功。三、不同教育程度的籃球選手不論是在情緒調節方面還是調節焦點方面皆未達顯著水準。

關鍵字

樂觀傾向；信念影響；情緒調節；情緒焦點

並列摘要

This research is to investigate the below: 1. To compare the positive psycho variation of basketball players in different background variables. 2. To compare the sports self-efficacy of players in different background variables. The overlying purpose was to choose the athletes who participated in the 2014 National Chung Chou Cup Basketball competition-in total 401 participants, including 274 males and 127 females. Using a variety of surveys and questionnaires on the topic of positive mentality and self-efficacy in the setting of competitive sports, data was collected and analyzed statistically to verify different hypotheses by dependent sample t-test, single factor variation analysis, Pearson correction and multi-regression analysis. The result was shown as below: 1. The result showed significant disparity in the mentalities of players of different genders, females tending to show a more positive or optimistic attitude. Differences also arose depending on the participant's age and education status. Junior and senior high school students showed the highest degrees of optimism and self efficacy, followed by university students and lastly graduates. 2. In regards to sporting self-effectiveness, levels varied depending mainly on factors such as gender and mentality/emotional control. In general, females were shown to be more independent, the self-efficacy of high school and adult females both surpassing that of males. However, despite the significant disparities between genders, in this aspect of the study, age group and education status were not proved to affect results. In conclusion, the overall intent of this research is to utilize statistically analysis to suggest opportunities for future study.