何為有用的戰略知識？－戰略研究的科學性爭議與戰略問題的特殊性

What Strategic Knowledge is Useful?-The Scientific Controversy of Strategic Studies and the Particularity of Problems Handled by Strategy

羅慶生(Ching-Sheng Lo)

《淡江國際與區域研究》 4卷1期 (2015/07) Pp. 91-125

摘要

本文探討戰略研究的認識論，圍繞在「什麼戰略知識是有用的？」議題上，以應對冷戰後戰略研究的困境並提供解決方案的新觀點。戰略研究的科學性和學科定位在冷戰結束後產生質疑，戰略學界雖透過一連串的反思與探討鞏固其理論體系的內在邏輯並對學科定位提出新的安排，但問題並沒有真正獲得解決。究其原因，本文以為是因為未成功處理戰略研究的認識論問題，在科學性與戰略有效性落空的爭議下，無法說服讀者其研究成果是有用的戰略知識，而以安全研究為知識老家（Intellectual Home）以獲得學術合法性的結果，反而是喪失本體論地位而陷入愈發狹隘與窘迫的困境。因而本文試圖對戰略研究的認識論立場進行反思，論證戰略所處理的問題有特殊性，不適合採實證主義立場進行研究。主軸將聚焦在戰略知識的特性上，申論「有用的戰略知識存在」與「何為有用的戰略知識？」，以處理戰略研究的科學性爭議。本文將指出，在敵對意志的戰略互動限制下，行動與結果間沒有必然的因果關係，所謂的「有效戰略」將無法存在，然而卻存在「好的戰略」的概念：戰略是可以比較的，但應以「如何更有利於手段與目標的連結？」為價值標準並非「有效與否？」。而「好的戰略」的判準，即為有用的戰略知識。在此之前，則先整理當代戰略研究所遭到的質疑與回應，並透過研究典範的轉折，梳理其陷入困境的脈絡。

關鍵字

戰略知識 ； 戰略研究 ； 戰略問題 ； 古典戰略論述 ； 後實證主義

並列摘要

This thesis examines the epistemology of strategic studies, focusing on ＂what strategic knowledge is useful＂ to deal with the plight of strategic studies and to provide new perspectives for the solution. The scientificity and disciplinary orientation of strategic studies have been questioned after the Cold War. Although strategic academia attempted to strengthen its internal logic of theoretical system and proposed shifting perspectives on disciplinary orientation through continuous reflections, the problems remain unresolved. This thesis argues that, because of dealing with its epistemological problems unsuccessfully, strategic studies is unable to convince the reader its research results are useful knowledge due to its validity of scientific theory and its strategic effectiveness have been questioned. Utilizing security studies as intellectual home to gain academic legitimacy, strategic studies lost its ontological status as well as mired in increasingly constricted and afflicted difficulties. The crisis of strategic studies discipline is caused by the scientific contradictions in scholarship itself. Therefore, this thesis attempts to reflect upon the epistemological position of strategic research as well as to discuss the particularity of problems handled by strategy thus taking the positivist stance to re-search is not suitable. Finally, this thesis will focus on the characteristics of strategic knowledge as well as discuss ＂the existence of useful strategic knowledge＂ and ＂what strategic knowledge is useful＂ in order to deal with the problems of strategic effectiveness and theoretical scientificity. Prior to this, raised questions and feedback about the contemporary strategic studies will be sorted, by shifting the research paradigm, to deal with its troubled context.

並列關鍵字

Strategic Knowledge ； Strategic Studies ； Strategic Problem ； Classical Strategist ； Post-Positivism