中美南海戰略競逐新情勢對於兩岸關係的影響：「維持現狀」與「改變現狀」角色身份之爭

The new US-China strategic competition in the South China Sea and its impact on Cross-Strait relations

翁明賢(Wong Ming-Hsien)

《淡江國際與區域研究》 5卷1期 (2016/07) Pp. 91-115

摘要

進入二十一世紀以來，「南海議題」又成為世人囑目的焦點，主要「中國崛起」之後，引發中美兩強在亞太地區的戰略競逐。北京提出「一帶一路」倡議，建構橫跨亞歐的區域發展戰略，籌設「亞洲基礎設施投資銀行」與「絲綢之路基金」。另一方面，北京在南沙七個島嶼加速「填沙造陸」工程，引發周邊國家抗議，尤其是美國強烈的口頭與實際行動。北京宣誓在其主權管轄區內進行自然島嶼生態的維護，美國確認定這是「人工島」，無任何國際海洋法的效力，呈現美國堅持「維護現狀」與北京「改變現狀」之爭議。本文認為傳統國際關係理論無以說明中美兩強在此南海區域之爭的真正意涵，或許透過建構主義「身份」決定「利益」的邏輯思維，比較可以說明兩強的戰略目標與策略行動。同時，面對中美兩強的南海戰略競逐新情勢，台灣面臨兩大難為小的「安全困境」，自然牽動處於和平發展期的兩岸關係走向。

關鍵字

建構主義 ； 角色身份 ； 填沙造陸 ； 人工島 ； 維持現狀 ； 改變現狀

並列摘要

Enter into 21 century South China Sea issues has again spotlight of international politics. Owing to ＂The rise of China＂ has occurred US-China strategic rivalry in Asia-Pacific region. Since Beijing has promoted the initiative of ＂One Belt, one Road＂ and constructed regional development strategy across Euro-Asia region. Under this initiative China also set up ''Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, AIIB＂ and ＂Silk Road Foundation＂. Besides, China speeded up land reclamation in the South China Sea, especially in the Spratly islands. This kind of arrangement stimulated strongly protests from the surrounding countries and US government. Above all, China believed its right to land reclamation, but US government emphasized these land reclamation belonged to artificial island which opposed any articles of UN Conventions on Law of the Sea. Hence it happened that US want to maintain ＂status- quo＂, on the contrary, China engaged to change ＂status quo.＂ The author believes that traditional international relations theories can't appropriate to explain US-China strategic competition in the South China Sea. In order to highlight such US-China's competition the author applied social constructivism approach, that is, identity conduct interest, could easily to explain different goal and approach between US and China in the South China Seas disputes. And lastly owing to US-China conflicting in South China Sea will certainly impact nowadays the cross-strait relations, i.e., Taiwan under great power competition has jumped into ＂security dilemma＂ and also Impact so called peaceful development of cross-strait relations.

並列關鍵字

Social constructivism ； role identity ； land reclamation ； artificial islands ； maintain status-quo ； changing status-quo