台灣工會發展之研究

本文採田野調查方式撰寫，利用SWOT分析工具，針對現今台灣工會遭遇到問題與困境，提出具體解決辦法，目的在提供政策建議，給予政府及相關單位，作為未來工會發展與體質改善之參考。目前台灣工會發展大致上可分成六個時期，包括扶植工會、工會停滯成長、籌組工會的再展開、自主化工會浪潮的湧現、挑戰全國總工會的壟斷局面、工會分裂多元發展。針對台灣工會面臨的問題，可分為內部劣勢與外部威脅。前者包括：1.會員人數不足、2.工會財務不健全、3.工會人才培育困難、4.研究發展能力不足、5.未具罷工實力的溫和工業關係。後者包括：1.產業及職業工會的分立、2.公營及民營事業工會的分立、3.不同層級工會關注不同議題、4.工會多元化後的整合難度提高、5.勞動者對勞工身分的疏離、6.工會與政治的糾葛受到質疑、7.社會及輿論支持度偏低、8.勞工主管機關未完全發揮效率、9.產業結構非典型工作型態的出現及管理變革將弱化工會力量、10.工會文化及形象有待提升。在因應策略上可分為二：首先，在未來台灣工會發展策略尚可採取1.縮短法定最高工時、2.提高基本工資、3.降低失業率、4.合理的外勞政策、5.提升工會組織率、6.提升工會集體協商能力、7.提升工會社會對話能力、8.重視非正規勞動者權益保障、9.重視經濟成長與合理分配的均衡、10.重視工作與家庭的調和、11.重視職業安全衛生的落實等策略。最後，在突破台灣工會困境的做法上，可採取1.爭取各級學校實施勞動教育課程、2.職業工會的再造、3.產業別工會的建立、4.財務自主、5.提升運動的層級及模式、6.從會務人員聯合及議題合作開始、7.與國際工會的接軌等策略。

關鍵字

台灣；工會發展

並列摘要

This study proposes specific solutions to the problems and challenges confronting trade unions in Taiwan today, using field research methods and SWOT analysis tools. The study aims to provide policy recommendations for the government and authorities concerned as a reference for the future development and physique improvement of trade unions. The development of trade unions in Taiwan can be divided into six stages: bolstered support for trade unions, stagnation of trade unions, reorganization of trade unions, an emerging and rising wave of independent trade unions, defiance against the monopoly of the Chinese Federation of Labor, and split and diversified development of trade unions. The problems encountered by trade unions in Taiwan can be divided into internal weaknesses and external threats. Internal weaknesses include the following: 1. Inadequate membership; 2. Unsound finances of trade unions; 3. Difficulty with talent cultivation for trade unions; 4. Insufficient research and development abilities; 5. Amiable industrial relationships with no capacity for a strike. External threats include the following: 1. Division between industrial and professional unions; 2. Division of trade unions between public and private sectors; 3. Trade unions at different levels are concerned with different issues; 4. Increased difficulty for the integration of trade unions after their diversification; 5. Detached perception of labor status among laborers; 6. The involvement of trade unions in politics comes under question; 7. Society and public opinion show low levels of support; 8. Labor competent authorities do not give full play to their role; 9. The emergence of atypical employment in the industrial structure and management changes will weaken the power of trade unions; 10 The culture and image of trade unions need to be improved. The coping strategies can be divided into two aspects. First, in the future, Taiwan's trade unions may adopt the following development strategies: 1. Shorten the statutory maximum working hours; 2. Raise minimum wages; 3. Reduce the unemployment rate; 4. Sensible policies for foreign laborers; 5. Increase the rate of trade union organization; 6. Enhance the collective bargaining ability of trade unions; 7. Improve the social dialogue ability of trade unions; 8. Pay attention to the protection of the rights and interests of informal workers; 9. Attach importance to the balance between economic growth and reasonable distribution; 10. Place emphasis on reconciliation between work and family life; 11. Give focus to the implementation of occupational safety and health. Finally, to overcome the challenges facing trade unions in Taiwan, the following strategies may be adopted: 1. Strive for the implementation of labor education curricula in schools at all levels; 2. Revitalize professional trade unions; 3. Establish industrial trade unions; 4. Seek financial autonomy; 5. Enhance the level and mode of movement; 6. Start with union of conference staff and cooperation on important issues; 7. Connect with international trade unions.