大聖爺信仰調查研究：以金門縣為例

金門擁有260餘座宮廟，若是以人口密度及地域大小相較，僅次府城台南市。本文採田野調查、深度訪談與比較性研究，詳實紀錄、觀察與描述金門大聖爺神祇。透過研究調查如下發現：1.金門大聖爺廟位在浦邊「蓮法宮」、山后「鎮海宮」、「獅山寺」與后浦「靈濟古寺」三個聚落、七座宮廟、二位乩童；2.透過台灣與金門大聖爺比較後，進一步發現地區大聖爺的特徵；3.首先金門大聖爺乩身年紀普遍年輕、次則功能主要為護佑兒童與辟邪除煞、再則金門四座神祇都沒有去過中國大陸進香、第（4）大聖爺乩身步伐與王爺相似、最後地區信仰大聖爺人口相較中國大陸與台灣偏少。其中尚有三座宮廟未有乩童者，分別是金沙大地「環江宮」、金城官路邊「五府廟」、金沙青嶼「聖寧宮」。最後建議，政府機關可大規模普查地區宮廟神祇，且宮廟管委會沉積已久陋習也必須根除，以利民間團體健全及永續發展。

關鍵字

大聖爺；台灣大聖爺；金門大聖爺

並列摘要

With more than 260 Taoist temples, Kinmen is second only to Tainan prefecture in terms of population density and size. In this study, fieldwork, in-depth interviews, and comparative research are adopted to accurately record, observe, and describe belief in the deity of Sun Wukong in Kinmen County. The findings of this study are as follows: 1. The Kinmen shrines to Sun Wukong are located at seven temple shrines in three settlements, and two spirit mediums, or Jitong: The Lianfa temple in Pubian, Lingji Ancient Temple in Hopu, the Zhenhai and Shishan temples in Shanhou. 2. Through comparing the worship of Sun Wukong in Taiwan and Kinmen, it can be found that the deity has regional characteristics. 3. The spirit mediums of Sun Wukong in Kinmen are generally young, with their primary purpose being to protect children and ward off evil spirits. Moreover, neither of the two deities has traveled to Mainland China to burn incense at dedicated temples. The pace of Sun Wukong's spiritual mediums is similar to that of Wang Ye. Finally, the proportion of the local population in Kinmen worshiping Sun Wukong is relatively small compared to that of Mainland China and Taiwan. Among them, there are still threer palaces and temples that do not have Jitong, namely Jinsha Dadi Huanjiang Palace, Jincheng Guan Road Wufu Temple, and Jinsha Lantau Shengning Palace. In conclusion, it is proposed that the government should conduct a wide census of the local temples and deities of Kinmen, and that temple management committees should put an end to the long-established malpractice toward such temples, so as to facilitate the robust and sustainable development of community organizations.