金門民間信仰與中國大陸交往

本文將採用「文獻探討」與「參與觀察」二種研究方法，用以解決：一、金門宮廟信仰的普查？與聚落關係？調查金門人遷徙到東南亞國家與臺灣本島？二、金門宗族下的地緣與血緣發展？三、兩岸信仰中國大陸與金門交往？調查發現。第一：1.金門地區普查發現285座宮廟且五鄉鎮中以金沙鎮最高67座，且地區168聚落中有80.35%聚落設有宮廟，以主祀王爺數量最高70座；次則金門宮廟與東南亞國家遷徙，新加坡金僑數量最多，會館與宮廟設在一起的國家是馬來西亞、越南與新加坡；二者分開的是菲律賓、印尼與汶萊；在三座位在臺灣金門館宮廟皆主祀蘇府王爺，又艋舺氣勢最雄偉、鹿港保存最完整、安平最早建立。第二：首先，在「血緣」方面，1.地區五鄉鎮人口數與宗祠多寡無絕對關係；2.聚落人口數與宗祠的比較：（1）人口數多，宗祠較集中有6姓；（2）人口數多，宗祠較分散有9姓；（3）人口數少，宗祠較集中有16姓；（4）人口數少，宗祠較分散有5姓；3.宗祠與地區宗親會的比較：（1）有宗祠也有宗親會19姓；（2）有宗祠卻沒有宗親會4姓；（3）沒宗祠卻設有宗親會4姓。次則，在「地緣」下，金門各聚落與東南亞國家的連結：1.東南亞金僑數量與分布：新加坡金僑人數最高；2.東南亞金僑遷徙的原因與特色，前者主要是（1）牟取生計改善生活；（2）天災頻傳被迫遷移；（3）民初沿海管制鬆散；（4）避難戰火以求生存；後者為（1）連鎖式移民模式；（2）完全中止移民。第三：在「地緣」下，金門與臺灣的連結，即旅臺金門同鄉會。2021年調查臺灣共成立28個金門同鄉會，在五鄉鎮100位旅台同鄉會理事長，以金沙鎮人數最多34位，金湖鎮最少12位。第三：與中國大陸的交往。首先，臺灣（或金門）宮廟與中國大陸交往：以湄洲媽祖為例－大甲與北港赴陸次數最高23次、金門縣府7次；次則，宗祠與中國大陸交往：金門32個宗親會都曾赴陸省親尋根，大都以宮廟謁祖進香為主。

關鍵字

金門；民間信仰；金門民間信仰；兩岸文化交流

並列摘要

This study employs two research methods, namely, "literature review" and "participant observation," to address the following issues: first, conducting a census of folk beliefs in Kinmen, examining their relationship with settlements, and investigating the migration of Kinmen residents to Southeast Asian countries and mainland China; second, exploring the development of regional and blood ties within Kinmen clans; and third, examining the interactions between mainland China and Kinmen in terms of religious beliefs. The findings of the survey are as follows: First, the census in Kinmen reveals the presence of 285 temples, with the highest number in Jinsha Town (67 temples). Among the 168 settlements in the area, 80.35% have temples; the majority (70 temples) are dedicated to worshiping the Royal Lord. Regarding migration from Kinmen to Southeast Asian countries, Singapore has the largest overseas Kinmen population. In Malaysia, Vietnam, and Singapore, clan halls are located alongside temples; meanwhile, the clans in the Philippines, Indonesia, and Brunei have separate arrangements. In Taiwan, the three temples dedicated to the Duke of the Su Mansion are all located in Kinmen, with Mengjia Temple being the most magnificent, Lukang Temple preserving its originality the most, and Anping Temple being the oldest. Second, regarding "blood ties," there is no absolute correlation between the population size of the five towns in the region and the number of ancestral halls. Population size and ancestral halls are compared as follows: (1) Settlements with larger populations and a higher concentration of ancestral halls with six surnames；(2) settlements with larger populations and a more dispersed distribution of ancestral halls with nine surnames; (3) settlements with smaller populations and a higher concentration of ancestral halls with sixteen surnames; and (4) settlements with smaller populations and a more dispersed distribution of ancestral halls with five surnames. Ancestral halls and regional clan associations are compared as follows: (1) 19 surnames have ancestral halls and clan associations, (2) 4 surnames have ancestral halls but no clan associations, and (3) 4 surnames have clan associations but no ancestral halls. Regarding "regional ties," the associations between various settlements in Kinmen and Southeast Asian countries are examined. The study finds that Singapore has the largest overseas Kinmen population. The primary reasons for Kinmen people migrating to Southeast Asian countries are as follows: (1) seeking a better livelihood; (2) forced migration due to frequent natural disasters; (3) loose coastal control during the early years of the Republic of China; and (4) escaping war and pursuing survival. The migration of the Kinmen people include the following characteristics: (1) a chain migration pattern; and (2) a complete cessation of immigration. Finally, in terms of the connection between Kinmen and Taiwan, the study explores the associations of Kinmen natives residing in Taiwan. As of 2021, there are 28 Kinmen clan associations established in Taiwan, with Jinsha Town having the highest number of directors at 34, and Jincheng Town having the fewest at 12. Third, the interactions between Taiwan (or Kinmen) temples and mainland China are examined. Using Meizhou Mazu Temple as an example, it is found that Dajia and Beigang have the highest number of visits to mainland China, with 23 and 7 visits, respectively. The Kinmen County government made seven visits as well. All 32 Kinmen clan associations have made ancestral trips to mainland China, primarily focusing on visiting temples to pay homage to their ancestors.

並列關鍵字

Kinmen ； folk beliefs ； Kinmen folk beliefs ； cross-strait cultural exchanges

參考文獻

王宏男（2013）。〈金門信仰、聚落、與遷徙的發展概況：以三平祖師、清水祖師為例〉，《科學與人文研究》。第11卷第1 期，p. 79-111。https://doi.org/10.6535/JSH.202309_11(1).0003

王宏男（2020）。〈旅臺金門同鄉會之比較性研究〉，《中華行政學報》第二十七期。新竹市：中華大學。

王宏男（2021）。〈金門宗族文化之比較性研究〉，《中華行政學報》第二十九期。新竹市：中華大學。

王宏男（2022）。〈東南亞金門人調查研究：以小西門戴氏為例〉，《科學與人文研究》。第10卷第1 期。

王韻（2015）。〈宗教市場的國際與國內因素：從兩岸政教關係研究探討一個宗教市場的新研究架構〉，《中國大陸研究》。第58卷第1期。

主題瀏覽