詮解《論語．雍也》之「中庸」

「中庸」這個義理概念，受到研究者較多關注及青睞，大抵是針對《中庸》一書所進行的討論。然而，吾人亦皆知《論語．雍也》有「中庸之為德也，其至矣乎！民鮮久矣！」的文字記載。正因如此，本文所欲探究的是，在《論語．雍也》驚鴻一瞥的「中庸」二字，究竟蘊含什麼義理哲思？意即將心力關注於《論語．雍也》所呈現出來的「中庸」，而非後世討論較多的《中庸》哲理。又，前人對於《論語》「中庸」的詮釋，多半緊扣著《論語．先進》「師也過，商也不及」這段文字，筆者雖亦認為有其必要，但是「中庸」既見之於《論語．雍也》，且按《論語》各篇則具有某種層度上的嚴謹結構，吾人實可聚焦在《論語．雍也》上。而本文擇取「變－不變」作為詮解視野，並將論述概分成「不變中有變」之「中」，以及「變中有不變」之「庸」兩大部份，冀望藉此完整地疏解《論語．雍也》，且能夠揭示《論語》所呈現的「中庸」的可能意涵。

關鍵字

中；中庸；不變；庸；雍也；論語；變

並列摘要

The meaning and concept of ”the doctrine of the mean” was paid much more attention in the book ”The Doctrine of the Mean”. However, as we all know, there are literal accords about ”the doctrine of the mean” in the Confucian Analects: Yong Ye too. For this reason, this paper tries to explore what the meaning and thought of ”the doctrine of the mean” in the Confucian Analects: Yong Ye, and focuses on the doctrine of the mean in the Confucian Analects: Yong Ye but the one discussed elsewhere. What is more, when researchers discussed the interpretation of the doctrine of the mean in the book ”The Doctrine of the Mean”, they focused on the particular paragraph in the Confucian Analects: Xian Jin, i.e.”Shih goes beyond the due mean, and Shang does not come up to it”. But if we believe the Confucian Analects should have some kind of compact structure, we then have enough reasons to focus on the Confucian Analects: Yong Ye. This paper chooses ”change‐unchange”as the interpretative perspective and divides this paper into two major parts: one is ”zhong” of ”there is change inside unchange”; the other is ”yong” of ”there is unchange inside change”. By this means, this paper tries to explain the Confucian Analects: Yong Ye completely and uncovers the possible meaning of the doctrine of the mean in the Confucian Analects.