從《御纂朱子全書》看清代前期官方意識形態與士風的形塑

Examining the Official Ideology and Shaping of the Academic Atmosphere in the Early Qing Dynasty

施厚羽(Hou-Yu Shih)

《史繹》 38期 (2014/06) Pp. 19-58

https://doi.org/10.3966/230689192014060038002

摘要

本文以清聖祖《御纂朱子全書》為核心，討論清前期皇帝欲宣傳的政治、文化意識形態，以及該書頒布後，地方官員的推行與士人的收受。文章共分三個部分。第一部分從清代初期程朱理學與政治、文化政策的關係著手。第二部分述說殿本書籍印刷出版文化，梳理這部書編纂、刻印的相關脈絡。第三部分針對聖祖御製序文分析主導者的心態，並以高宗的上論及地方大吏奏章說明流佈情形，使用地方學校所藏和文集中的討論，說明參與形塑意識形態的不只統治者，也包括一般士人。時間上以康熙朝和乾隆朝為主，但部分內容亦涉及清代中葉以後的情形。

關鍵字

聖祖 ； 高宗 ； 御纂朱子全書 ； 意識形態 ； 書籍文化

並列摘要

Based on ＂Yu zuan Zhuzi quan shu＂ by Shengzu of Qing, the present study explored the political and cultural ideology disseminated by early Qing Dynasty emperors, and examined its promotion by local officials and its acceptance by scholars after the Yu zuan Zhuzi quan shu was published. The present study comprises three sections. The first section is centered on the relationship between the early Qing Dynasty Cheng- Zhu school and political and cultural policies. The second section involves an analysis on the publication culture of the imperial court and the compilation and printing process of the ＂Yu zuan Zhuzi quan shu＂. The third section is focused on analyzing Shengzu's mindset based on his imperial preface. In this section, the dissemination of ideology was further examined through Gaozong's imperial edict and the relevant documents of local officials. Various literary sources from school archives and discussions in other collected works were used to explain that such ideology was not only stipulated by the ruler, but also by scholars. The majority of discussions in the present study are centered on the Kangxi and Qianlong reigns; however, a portion of the present study also examined the ideology during the mid- and late Qing Dynasty.

並列關鍵字

＂Shengzu＂(Emperor Kangxi) ； ＂Gaozong＂(Emperor Qianlong) ； ＂Yu Zhan Zhuzi quan shu＂(Imperial Complilation of Zhu Xi's Complete Works) ； ideology book culture