家庭照顧與職場勞動的平衡：我國長期照顧假之法制建構

我國人口快速老化，遽增的老人照顧，是家庭照顧者最直接遭遇的家庭困境。除了照顧困境之外，影響國家經濟的因素是就業，就業中的家庭照顧者面臨多重責任時，必定犧牲就業之外的休閒時間，以及面臨調整勞動型態以處理家庭照顧的問題。同時，民間團體於立法院呼籲政府制定「長照假」，以兼顧家庭照顧與職場勞動。故研究範圍係以家庭成員中有長照需求的勞工為對象，且以「照顧不離職」為目標。本文參考美國《家庭與醫療假法》，以及日本《育兒照顧休假法》的經驗，發現長照假的特色為：第一，高齡社會的立法；第二，性別工作平等的法律；第三，朝向長期照顧老人的需求修正；第四，因應複雜的照顧需求設計；第五，照顧者的自由選擇。對此，本文依據我國長照的歷史，親自照顧父母的傳統思想已根深蒂固，據以規劃我國之長照假，研議彈性工時、免加班與勞動工作調整、對企業的行政指導等手法，以為平衡照顧與職場。而長照假是否應該支付薪資？本文將以有薪說與無薪說分別論述之。另探討《就業保險法》及就業安定基金提供長照假的經費來源。最後，整理長照假的修法建議，作為國家未來長照體系規劃之參酌。

關鍵字

長期照顧服務法；長照假；性別工作平等法；家庭與醫療假法；育兒照顧休假法

並列摘要

Population of Taiwan is rapidly aging, and increasing in elderly care is the most direct family dilemma for family caregivers. In addition to the dilemma of caring, the factor affecting the national economy is employment. When family caregivers in employment face multiple responsibilities, they must sacrifice their leisure time outside employment and face the problem of adjusting their labor patterns to deal with family care. Meanwhile, civil society calls on government to enact "Caregiver Leave" in Legislative Yuan to take care of family Home care and workplace labor. Therefore, the scope of the study is to target workers with long-term care needs among family members, and the goal is to take care of them and not leave their jobs. This article refers to the experience of "Family and Medical Leave Law" in the United States and "Child Care and Family Care Leave Act" in Japan, and finds that the characteristics of long-term care leave are: First, legislation in an aging society. Second, gender work equality laws. Third, there is a demand revision towards long-term care of the elderly. Fourth, it's designed for complex care needs. Fifth, the free choice of caregivers. Therefore, based on the history of long-term care leave in my country, the traditional idea of taking care of parents in person has been deeply rooted, and according to the purpose of planning long-term care leave in China, it discusses flexible working hours, overtime exemption and labor adjustment, administrative guidance for companies and other methods are to balance care and workplace. And should long-term leave be paid? This article will discuss the paid theory and the unpaid theory separately. It also discusses "Employment Insurance Act "and "Employment Security Fund" provide funding sources for long-term care leave. Finally, the proposed amendments to the long-term care leave are sorted out and used as a reference for the planning of future long-term care system in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

Long-Term Care Services Act ； Caregiver Leave Act ； Act of Gender Equality in Employment ； Family and Medical Leave Act ； Child Care and Family Care Leave Act

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