中日文前綴詞素「反-」「逆-」等之比較分析

Comparative analysis of Chinese and Japanese prefix morphemes ＂HAN-＂ and ＂GYAKU-＂

林慧君(Hui-Jun Lin)

《臺大東亞文化研究》 5期 (2018/04) Pp. 165-184

https://doi.org/10.6579/NJEAC.201804_(5).0010

摘要

本論文試圖從漢字本身所含之語言文化屬性角度，分析表示相反或反對．反抗之意的中日文「同形」（相同詞形）漢字前綴詞素「反-」與「逆-」的語意用法之異同，藉此探討釐清漢字背後潛藏的中日文語言文化屬性之差異與詞綴詞素構詞功能之間的關係。在透過漢字潛藏之〈下對上〉及〈對等性 〉兩種語言文化屬性探討中日文同形前綴詞素「反-」與「逆-」以及日文其他相關前綴詞素之語意用法後，發現：表示〈下對上〉的文化屬性之語意用法，在中日文裡都是以同形前綴詞素「反-」與「逆-」來表達，且都僅有一個表示〈反抗、反對〉的語意用法，即中日文呈現類似的語意用法及構詞現象；相反地，表示〈對等性〉文化屬性之語意用法的中日文「反-」與「逆-」之間語意用法上有所差異，特別是日文表示〈對等性〉文化屬性之語意用法的前綴詞素較多樣化（除了「反-」「逆-」之外，亦有「対-」及外來語前綴詞素「アンチ-」）。「反-」與「逆-」雖為中日文「同形」漢字前綴詞素，然因背後潛藏的語言文化屬性之異同，所呈現出的語意用法及構詞功能亦有所異同。因此，本研究透過漢字其本身語意所含之語言文化屬性，有效地分析、釐清了中日文「同形」漢字前綴詞素其語意用法及構詞層面上的異同。

關鍵字

中日文「同形」（相同詞形） ； 漢字前綴詞素 ； 語意用法 ； 構詞 ； 文化屬性

並列摘要

This paper attempts to analyze and study the similarities and differences in the semantic usage of the Chinese-Japanese ＂homograph＂ (same-form) kanji ＂HAN-＂ and ＂GYAKU-＂ which mean opposition and revolt in the perspective of linguistic and cultural attributes, in order to clarify the relationship between the differences of linguistic cultural attributes in Chinese and Japanese and morpheme formation that are hidden in kanji. After studying the two linguistic cultural attributes of ＂bottom-up＂ and ＂equivalence＂ that hidden by kanji ＂HAN-＂ and ＂GYAKU-＂, and the semantic usage of other related prefix morphemes in Japanese, we can find that, the semantic use of the cultural attributes of the ＂different level＂ use the homograph prefix morphemes ＂HAN-＂ and ＂GYAKU-＂ both in Chinese and Japanese. And there is only one expression of the semantic use of revolt and opposition, that is, Chinese and Japanese have similar semantic usage and word formation phenomenon; on the contrary, there are differences in the semantic usage between Chinese and Japanese ＂HAN-＂ and ＂GYAKU-＂ in the cultural attribute of equivalence, especially there are more prefix of the semantic usages of the cultural attribute of ＂equivalence＂ in Japanese. (In addition to ＂HAN-＂ ＂GYAKU-＂, and ＂TAI-＂ and the loanwords prefix morpheme ＂ANCHI-＂) Although ＂HAN-＂ and ＂GYAKU-＂ are the Chinese-Japanese ＂homograph＂ prefix morphemes, the semantic usage and word-formation function of the underlying linguistic and cultural attributes are also having some differences. Therefore, this study analyzes the semantic usage and the similarities and differences between Chinese and Japanese ＂homograph＂ kanji in terms of linguistic and cultural attributes which are hidden behind their own semantics.

並列關鍵字

＂homograph＂ in Chinese and Japanese (same-form) ； kanji prefix morpheme ； semantic use ； word formation ； cultural attribute