無人飛行載具空拍系統於事故現場調查之應用

The Application of Unmanned Aerial Systems for the Aviation Occurrence Site Survey

官文霖(Wen-Lin Guan) ； 陳沛仲(Pei-Chung Chen) ； 郭嘉偉(Brian C. Kuo) ； 饒見有(Jiann-Yeou Rau)

《航空安全及管理季刊》 2卷2期 (2015/05) Pp. 200-224

摘要

任何飛航事故調查中，收集事故現場之三維空間資訊乃是不可或缺的重要工作。涉及機毀人亡之事故現場，基於搶救及調查時效性，運用地面測量及空中勘查，以記錄事故現場完整之場景與殘骸分佈是首要工作。2005年，飛安會著手發展遙控直升機空拍系統，主要依靠人工判釋空拍影像，再套疊地理資訊系統。2009年導入四旋翼自主飛行無人載具空拍系統，具備智能晶片、完善的任務規劃及地面監控等功能。本文主要探討小型無人飛行載具空拍系統、空拍影像拼接、正射化處理等、建立標準化的現場作業及內業資料處理程序，及製作數值地形資料等。透過實地演練與測試結果，修正現有的標準作業程序，以提升資料獲取之時效性、降低作業成本、維持空拍影像解析度約5至10公分。上述特性對於飛航事故調查的助益甚大。

關鍵字

無人飛行載具系統 ； 地理資訊系統 ； 數值地形

並列摘要

During an aviation occurrence investigation, one of the most important jobs is to collect three-dimensional evidence information of the occurrence site. When involving with a fatal accident site, for both rescue and investigative efficiency purposes, the highest priority task of site-survey activities is utilizing the traditional ground survey and aerial-survey to collect the entire scene and wreckage distribution. In 2005, Aviation Safety Council (ASC) has adopted a remote-controlled helicopter to perform aerial-photography, which relied on manual stitching of aerial photos and superposing with Geographic Information System (GIS). In 2009, ASC moved forward to an aerial-photography system, utilizing a quad-rotor Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS), which contains a smart on-board computer and relevant sensors, to achieve autonomous flight, mission planning, and air-ground mission monitoring in real time. This study focused upon the application of a small UAS, to setup standard operation procedures of both on-scene and post-processing operations, in order to facilitate auto-stitching and orthogonal correction of the aerial-photos. In addition, this article also studied digital terrain models from the aerial-photos with geo-information. On the basis of several drills and an actual mission involved with ASC's UAS, the results showed that UAS can increase the on-scene operational efficiency, maintain the ground resolution about 5 to 10 centimeters, and lower the site-survey cost. Those characteristics are very useful to the aviation occurrence investigation.

並列關鍵字

Unmanned Aerial System ； Geographic Information System ； Digital Terrain Model

參考文獻

(2002)。飛航事故調查報告，“新加坡航空006 班機Boeing747-400 型機，國籍登記號碼9V-SPK，於中正國際機場起飛時撞毀在部份關閉跑道上”。

()。

顏怡和、邱式鴻、徐百輝、劉正倫、蔡季欣、施錦揮()。

王天佑、蕭震洋(2013)。應用無人載具航拍及非常規攝影量測進行土石流三維地形重構。中興工程技術。120，3-12。

林世賢、游政恭、施錦揮、呂冠萱、蔡季欣(2012)。應用無人飛行載具系統影像辦理通用版電子地圖更新作業－以臺中市特三號道路為例。地籍測量期刊。31(4)，1-12。