新式飛航紀錄器之特點與應用　第一部分：飛航紀錄器發展歷程及訊號編碼

Features and Applications of New Generation Flight Recorders-Part I: The Historical Development of the Flight Recorders and Signal Encoding

官文霖(Wen-Lin Guan) ； 黃佑平(Mason Huang)

《航空安全及管理季刊》 3卷3期 (2016/07) Pp. 214-227

摘要

過去50年飛航紀錄器一直扮演著飛航事故及飛安意外事件調查的重要角色。其紀錄媒介經歷金屬錫箔、數位磁帶，到固態晶片，所記錄參數也從5項驟增至3,000餘項。對現代民航噴射機而言，駕駛艙內之飛控資料及導航模式均已高度自動化，新式飛航紀錄器係以固態晶片技術，將駕駛艙語音及錄像，飛航資料及數位鏈路資料經擷取後存入飛航紀錄器，主要特性包括：格式複雜、取樣率高、多資料來源、具備10分鐘獨立電源供應給座艙語音紀錄器。本篇論文回顧飛航紀錄器的發展歷程、探討飛航紀錄器之技術規格與訊號編碼，針對新式飛航紀錄器之特點與應用，研究飛航資料監控及大數據的整合應用趨勢。研究發現新式飛航資料紀錄器紀錄參數逾千項，傳統的表格及繪圖方式已不易探究其細微變化；各式狀態及電門訊號如逾百項將增加飛航事故的工作負擔。因此，發展近即時的飛航資料監控是一大趨勢，透過雲端運算技術可以事先掌握航機的警告狀態與瀕臨故障的次系統或組件，以達更安全的航班任務派遣與積極性飛安監控。

關鍵字

大數據 ； 雲端運算 ； 飛航資料紀錄器 ； 飛航資料監控

並列摘要

Over the past fifty years, flight recorders have played an important role in aviation occurrence and flight incidentinvestigation. The record media has traversed from metal foil, digital tape, then into solid-state memory chipset. The relevant recording parameters have increased from five to more than 3,000. For modern jet airplane, the flight control laws, navigation modes and the aircraft state parameters are highly automated collected into glass cockpit instrument. Based on modern memory chipset techniques, flight deck audios, flight data, airborne images and digital datalink information together can be recorded into two flight recorders. The key features include: complex data formats, high sampling rates, multi-data sources, and 10-minute emergency power to supply the voice recorder. The paper reviews the development process of the flight recorders, studies the technical specification and raw data encoding methods, besides emphasizing the features and applications of new generation flight recorder and surveying application trends on the flight data monitoring and big data. The paper concludes that traditional data tabular and plot methods has been difficult to analyze thousands parameters, and interpret variation in detail. The aircraft’s navigation modes and switch positions have been recorded into hundreds parameter and it increases the workload on occurrence investigation. Therefore, developing a near real-time data monitoring is a major trend as airline operators could master the advance warning of their aircraft and on the verge of sub-system or component failures through the cloud-based computing technology, to achieve a safer dispatch mission, and conduct the flight data monitoring task proactively.

並列關鍵字

big data ； cloud-based computing ； flight data recorder ； flight data monitoring

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