探討空域主權規範對國際民用航空公約之影響

空中自由及空域主權是人類進入航空時代以來，有關國際航空活動中主要兩個學說，前者是航權，屬於國際習慣法，不論國際民用航空組織（ICAO）締約國是否均享有飛航自由權，但慣例先於習慣，因此不具法律約束力；後者則依據私法土地所有權概念，認為一國主權應包含領土及領土上空。因此，國際民用航空公約得以確立其法律地位，以及廢止無害通過權。本研究從國際民用航空公約來探討空域主權在傳統國際法中的演變，以及確認空域主權是否如國際民用航空公約有著相同位階的高權行為。

關鍵字

國際民用航空組織；防空識別區；飛航情報區；公海飛越自由

並列摘要

The freedom of the air and airspace sovereignty are two main doctrines in international aviation activities when human beings entered into aviation era. The former is freedoms of the air which is categorized into the International Customary Law. Whether the contracting parties of International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) have the right to freedoms of the air or not, but the usual practice is under the customary law, it is legally nonbinding in practice. The latter is based on the concept of private land ownership, and it means a country's sovereignty should include territory and airspace over the territory. Therefore, the International Civil Aviation Convention establish itself firmly in law, and ICAO passes the Right of Innocent Passage. This study discusses the evolution of airspace sovereignty from the ＂International Civil Aviation Convention＂ within traditional international law and clarifies if it has the same position of gerichtesfreier hoheitsakt as the International Civil Aviation Convention.