Common diseases of the male urinary and reproductive system include urethritis, enuresis, urinary incontinence, testicle pain, prostatic hyperplasia, impotence, scrotal eczema, male climacteric syndrome, and male infertility. The application of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapeutic principles, such as pattern identification as the basis of treatment and seeking the cause from the patterns identified, enables practitioners to conduct differential diagnosis and provide an accurate therapeutic strategy for implementation. Applying these traditional diagnostic and treatment approaches to achieve effective therapeutic results will elevate the quality of TCM and benefit people across the globe.