Defying Phallogocentrism: Feminine Writing in Kafka's Dearest Father

抵抗陽具中心主義：卡夫卡《給父親的信》中的女性書寫

白曦源

《人文社會與醫療學刊》 2期 (2015/05) Pp. 179-197

https://doi.org/10.6279/JHSSM.2015.2(1).09

摘要

以德語寫作作家法蘭茲．卡夫卡（Franz Kafka）在文壇上一枝獨秀，其作品如《變形記》、《城堡》等已成為世界名著。從作品裡，讀者不乏看見嚴父的角色，代表著他的父親赫曼．卡夫卡（Hermann Kafka）在他的人生中無可取代的地位。卡夫卡敬畏神般的父親，無法進行言語溝通，因此希望透過書信來表達心中所思所想，完成了這封長篇的《給父親的信》。本論文主要分析卡夫卡如何在《給父親的信》裡呈現艾倫娜．西蘇（Hélène Cixous）所闡述的女性書寫（l' écriture feminine）。本文先闡述書寫（writing）與言語（speech）的差異，突顯卡夫卡如何利用書信體的方式與父親進行溝通；再進一步解釋西蘇女性書寫的概念－如何利用書寫抵抗與顛覆陽具中心主義。最後一部分辯正一位男性作家卡夫卡如何透過女性書寫去反抗父親的霸權，甚至陽具中心主義的壟斷，再次證明書寫的力量。

關鍵字

法蘭茲．卡夫卡 ； 陽具中心主義 ； 艾倫娜．西蘇 ； 女性書寫

並列摘要

German-language writer Franz Kafka (hereinafter Franz) has gained popularity and reached his eminence after the publication of his worldwide influential oeuvres, such as Metamorphosis and Castle. A stern patriarch is often demonstrated in front of readers as Franz's father, Hermann Kafka (hereinafter Hermann), ascended to an irreplaceable position in Franz's heart. Franz's awe to his father enabled him to write, as another form of communication, this book-length letter Dearest Father as verbal discourse failed in their daily lives. This paper aims to argue that how Dearest Father is considered feminine writing (l'écriture feminine) in terms of Hélène Cixous's theorization. This paper embarks with the differentiation of writing and speech in order to foreground the use of epistle as a means of communication. Then it elucidates how Cixous's conceptualization of feminine writing defies and subverts phallogocentrism. This paper ends with the argument of Franz's application of feminine writing to defy patriarchal hegemony or phallogocentric monopoly in a greater sense.

並列關鍵字

Franz Kafka ； phallogocentrism ； Hélène Cixous ； feminine writing