誰是抗戰「中流砥柱」？

Who Was the True Mainstay in the Second Sino-Japanese War?

盧國慶

《人文社會與醫療學刊》 3期 (2016/05) Pp. 1-30

https://doi.org/10.6279/JHSSM.2016.3(1).01

摘要

當中國共產黨不斷宣傳：「中共紅軍才是抗戰的中流砥柱」。但歷史真相顯然不會支持他。其次，武德來自於軍人愛國心、高尚品格與道德情操所形塑而成的「軍人魂」，也就是以「國家存亡」做為最高信念。抗戰時期國軍作戰英勇忠烈的表現為世界各國讚譽，但最令人感動之處，是締造這項成就的背景是：一、國軍嚴重缺乏火砲。二、國軍嚴重缺乏訓練與裝備。三、中日兩軍食物與資源的巨大差異。條件如此差劣的軍隊，竟然能不斷對日軍造成威脅，甚至創造大捷，靠的就是卓絕的軍人武德精神。而我們就能理解為什麼國軍在抗戰各場戰役中，不論是衡陽保衛戰、常德保衛戰、松滬戰役、台兒莊戰役、萬家嶺戰役、崑崙關戰役、緬甸仁安羌、孟拱河谷戰役、瓦魯班戰役、高黎貢山戰役、筧橋空戰、南京空戰、武漢空戰，不僅牽絆住日軍全國兵力總數的55.7％，同時所展現的「愛國守土，生死無懼」的武德精神，會特別令人敬佩與感動；對正在集中力量打垮德國的盟軍所作的貢獻，也能完全理解。中共紅軍被政府改編為國民革命軍起，所有作戰決策都由中共決定，從彭德懷、徐向前、劉伯承…等人在其自傳或報告中，也證實了共軍不打日本侵略者，卻攻擊抗日國軍的史實，根據統計，抗日戰爭期間最高統帥部收至各戰區遭受共軍襲擊的正式文電報告，共有395次之多。中共紅軍武德喪盡的指導策略，就是按洛川會議內部決議行事：「百分之七十是發展自己，百分之二十為妥協，百分之十對日作戰」，使軍事力量不斷加強，將蘇維埃的「國中之國」不斷擴大，為中共抗戰勝利後奪取全國政權創造條件。

關鍵字

軍人武德 ； 抗戰歷史 ； 中共紅軍 ； 中國共產黨 ； 蘇維埃

並列摘要

As the Chinese Communist Party constantly proclaims that its Red Army was the true mainstay in the fight against Japanese aggression, historical facts prove otherwise. secondly, Martial virtue originates from ＂military spirit＂ created by soldiers’ patriotism, noble character and moral character, and the strongest faith of martial virtue is ＂nation’s survival.＂ During the Second Sino-Japanese War, KMT troops’ heroic martyrs won the recognition from various countries around the world. However, astonishingly, such a military achievement was actually created under the background of: 1) KMT troops’ serious lack of artillery; 2) KMT new recruits’ lack of training and troops’ lack of armaments; 3) significant dietary difference between Japanese troops and KMT troops. Under such poor conditions, the disadvantageous KMT troops constantly posed threats to Japanese troops, and even won great victories with their marvelous martial virtue. Therefore, KMT troops’ victories in various battles during the Second Sino-Japanese War, including Battle of Hengyang, Battle of Changde, Battle of Shanghai, Battle of Taierzhuang, Battle of Wanjialing, Battle of Kunlun Pass, Battle of Myanmar Yenangyaung, Battle of Mogaung Valley, Battle of Walawbum, Battle of Gaoligongshan, Jianqiao Air Combat, Nanjing Air Combat, and Wuhan Air Combat, are quite understandable. In these battles, KMT troops not only contained 55.7% of total Japanese troops, but also displayed the martial virtue and spirit of “protecting the country with patriotism and fearing no death.” Such a spirit is particularly admirable and respectable. KMT troops’ contributions to allies focusing on defeating Germany were also undeniable. Ever since Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army was re-drafted by the KMT government as “National Revolutionary Army,” all of the operational decisions were made by Communist Party of China. The autography or reports of Peng Dehuai, Xu Xiangqian and Liu Bocheng et al., also verify the historical fact that CPC troops did not attack Japanese invaders, but attacked KMT troops who were fighting against Japanese troops. According to the statistics, during the Sino- Japanese War, High Command received a total of 395 official telegram reports of attacks by CPC troops in various war zones. The guiding strategies without any martial virtue of the CPC Red Army were implemented according to the internal resolutions of Luochuan Conference: ＂70% of the operational decisions were intended to develop CPC strength, 20% of them were intended to make compromises, and 10% of them were intended to fight against Japan.＂ The condition for CPC to seize the state power after the victory in Anti-Japanese War is to continuously strengthen military power and expand the ＂state within a state＂ of Soviet.

並列關鍵字

Soldiers' Martial Virtue ； War History ； CPC Red Army ； Communist Party of China ； Soviet