桌球選手生、心理指標之探討

The Physiological and Mental States of Billiards Athletes and Athletic Performance

林佳蓉(Chia-Jung Lin) ； 吳淑卿(Shu-Ching Wu)

《休閒事業研究》 20卷1期 (2022/03) Pp. 43-52

https://doi.org/10.6746/LIR.202203_20(1).0004

摘要

本研究針對桌球選手之生、心理狀態及與運動表現之相關性進行文獻綜述。在生理狀態方面，國家級選手的整場比賽時間多出地區級選手很多，顯示優秀選手比賽時之生理條件要求更為嚴格；其次探討選手皮質醇反應與狀態焦慮特徵之關聯性，指出競爭特質焦慮可能通過皮質醇濃度而影響表現。心理狀態方面，焦慮狀態會表現在身體焦慮或認知性焦慮，進而影響運動表現。桌球運動屬於開放、個人性運動項目，具有時間短、體能要求高、心理素質強度大之特性，除了平常體能訓練強度要求外，運用運動科學觀念掌握桌球選手皮質醇生理狀況確有其必要性。結論，心理素質與運動表現高度相關，取得選手於訓練上之認同與共識，培養臨場自信、膽識與抗壓性，達成選手在比賽中技戰術的高效表現。

關鍵字

皮質醇反應 ； 焦慮 ； 科學化訓練

並列摘要

This study presents a literature review of the correlation between the physiological and mental states of billiards athletes and athletic performance. In terms of the physiological state, the overall time that national-level athletes spend competing is significantly higher compared to that of regional-level athletes. This shows that the physiological conditions required of outstanding athletes during competition are more stringent. Secondly, an investigation of the correlation between athletes' cortisol responses and state anxiety traits showed that competitive trait anxiety could affect performance through cortisol levels. In terms of the mental state, anxiety is manifested as physical anxiety or cognitive anxiety, which in turn affects athletic performance. Billiards is an open and individual sport, and is characterized by a short game time, high physical fitness requirements, and strong mental toughness. In addition to the usual physical strength training requirements, it is also necessary to apply sports science concepts to understand the physiological state of billiards athletes' cortisol responses. There is also a strong correlation between mental strength and athletic performance. Gaining athletes' endorsement of and consensus on training and cultivating self-confidence, courage, and resistance to pressure during competition can allow athletes to effectuate efficient technical and tactical performances during competitions.

並列關鍵字

cortisol response ； anxiety ； scientific sport training